The number of subjects classified as a success based on clinical measures of CI (mean NPC break & mean PFV blur) at the 6-week visit. The baseline data reported herein define the clinical profile of those enrolled into the CITT. It may not always be evident that someone suffers from convergence insufficiency because the symptoms may vary. Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common and distinct binocular vision disorder that affects approximately 4% of school age children and adults in the United States. There were no statistically significant nor clinically relevant differences between treatment groups with respect to baseline characteristics (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Hallmark features of the study design include formal definitions of conditions and outcomes, standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols, a placebo treatment arm, masked outcome examinations, and the CISS score outcome measure. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. Randomized clinical trial of treatments for sympto-matic convergence insufficiency in children. reinforcement (OBPT) as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI). Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group. reinforcement (OBPT) as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI). At enrollment, subjects will be prescribed either 5 minutes/day (NTP group) or 15 minutes/day (Placebo group) of placebo home-based computer therapy for 5 days/week during the 12 week treatment phase. A randomized clinical trial of treatments for con-vergence insufficiency in children. We also report the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. Active treatment: A multi-site randomized clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute has proven that the best treatment for convergence insufficiency is supervised vision therapy in a clinical office with home reinforcement (15 minutes of prescribed vision exercises done in … R. John Leigh and David S. Zee. Procedure 1. tomatic convergence insufficiency. Addressing some of the limitations of previous studies, the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Investigator Group conducted a pilot study to evaluate the impact of vergence/accommodative therapy on reading performance in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group. To evaluate the kinetics of change in symptoms and signs of convergence insufficiency (CI) during 12 weeks of treatment with commonly prescribed vision therapy/orthoptic treatment regimens. A recently completed randomized clinical trial, the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), demonstrated that a 12-week program of office-based vergence/ accommodative therapy with home reinforcement was more effective than home-based near target pencil push-ups, home-based computer accommodative therapy plus pencil push-ups, or office-based placebo therapy in treating the symptoms and signs associated with symptomatic CI in children 9 to 17 years of age. Vergence Eye Movements. Vision therapy for CI is based upon the protocol set by the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), and consists of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement. At enrollment, subjects will be prescribed 15 minutes/day (3 sessions of 5 minutes each) of near target push-ups (NTP) for 5 days/week during the 12-week treatment phase. Placebo computer-based therapy will be provided by the Home Therapy System (HTS) computer software. Optom Vis Sci. Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) study groupdesignedthispilotstudyinpreparationforalargerrandom-ized clinical trial. Subjects will perform the computer therapy while wearing red/blue glasses and accommodative therapy will be performed using the HTS accommodative flippers. I read the article by Scheiman et al 1 entitled “A Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatments for Convergence Insufficiency in Children” in the January 2005 issue of the A RCHIVES with great interest. Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial–trained and –certified ophthalmologists or optometrists performed all testing using a previously described standardized protocol. Active treatment: A multi-site randomized clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute called the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial showed: The best treatment for CI is supervised vision therapy in a clinical office with home reinforcement (15 minutes of prescribed vision exercises done in the home five days per week). Mark Boas§, Rachel Coulter*, Kristine Hopkins¶, Susanna Tamkins**; The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group ABSTRACT Purpose. Our patients cover a board spectrum of demographics with approximately 2/3rds being neuro-typical and the remaining 1/3rd having an additional diagnosis such as ADHD, Autism, or other developmental delays. Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Investigator Group. A complete pediatric eye exam with cycloplegic dilation i… This treatment sequence is a wellaccepted approach for treatment of convergence insufficiency and has been successfully implemented in previous randomized clinical trials … Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 221 children aged 9 to 17 years with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. Scheiman M, Kulp MT, Cotter SA, Lawrenson JG, Wang L, Li T. Interventions for convergence insufficiency: a network meta-analysis. Please refer to the procedures manual for further details. To evaluate the kinetics of change in symptoms and signs of convergence insufficiency (CI) during 12 weeks of treatment with commonly prescribed vision therapy/orthoptic treatment regimens. Learn More. When the subject is no longer able to maintain a single image of the pencil, he/she will slowly move the target away from the nose until the pencil becomes single again. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Results: The CITT enrolled 221 children with symptomatic CI with a mean age of 12.0 years (SD = +2.3). Secondary outcomes were near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence at near. The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group (CITT Study Group) has been studying a specific condition in which all 3 signs are present along with symptoms. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. 17 The results showed that office-based vergence/accommodative therapy was no more effective than office-based placebo therapy … The parents were instructed to regularly supervise and ensure that their child was carrying out the procedure correctly. Main Outcome Measures—Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) score after 12 weeks of treatment. Shaun original wrote a 2-part article here on the Risk and Recovery Process Following Concussions in Sports and The Role of Rehabilitation Following Concussions.In this new post, Shaun shares more thoughts on the treatment of concussions, specifically regarding convergence insufficiency. Long-term effectiveness of treatments for sympto- Home-Based Therapy for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 1. N2 - Objective: This report describes the design and methodology of the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), the first large-scale, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating treatments for convergence insufficiency (CI) in children. 2019 Nov;96(11):825-835. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001443. Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group. Patient must be wearing appropriate refractive correction (spectacle or contact lenses) for at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment if refractive error is present (based on a cycloplegic refraction within the last 6 months) that meets the following: To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor. Optom Vis Sci. 5. In preparation for our randomized clinical trial, the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study Group completed 2 pilot studies that were placebo-controlled, randomized trials investigating the effectiveness of passive and active treatments for symptomatic CI in children. The clinical profile of the cohort at baseline was 9Δ exophoria at near (+/− 4.4) and 2Δ exophoria (+/−2.8) at distance, CISS score = 30 (+/−9.0), NPC = 14 cm (+/− 7.5), and near positive fusional vergence break = 13 Δ (+/− 4.6). People with convergence insufficiency often complain of the following symptoms when reading or doing intense near work: Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. We also report the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY TREATMENT STUDY (CITS) PROCEDURES MANUAL Version 5.0 March 4, 2014 . Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) Administration Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) Description The CISS is a 15-item questionnaire designed to assess the severity of the subject’s convergence insufficiency (CI) symptoms. Objective: This report describes the design and methodology of the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), the first large-scale, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating treatments for convergence insufficiency (CI) in children. After treatment for convergence insufficiency, statistically significant improvements were found for reading comprehension (mean = 4.2, p = 0.009) and the reading composite score (mean = 2.4, p = 0.016) as measured by the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test at the 24‐week visit. Duane,2 and White and Brown10 reported a prevalence of 7.5% CI. domized Clinical Trial of Treatments for Conver- ... ence to the treatment protocol, that too was only sub-jective (in terms of percentage), ... Mitchell GL, Cotter S, et al; Convergence Insufficiency Treat-ment Trial Study Group. He is a graduate of Indiana University where he completed a residency in binocular vision and pediatrics. Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information. In this report, we define this condition as a symptomatic “classic” CI, and patients who do not demonstrate all 3 signs, a “common” CI. Please refer to the procedures manual for further details. Main Outcome Measures—Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) score after 12 weeks of treatment. Abstract. Other Name: Home Therapy System (HTS, Home Vision Therapy, Inc.). View This Abstract Online; The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: design, methods, and baseline data. utes, similarly to that recommended by The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Group [16]. The number of subjects who are classified as a success based on the mean PFV blur at the 6-week visit. The number of subjects who are classified as a success based on the mean NPC break at the 12-week visit. ≥2 logMAR line difference in best-corrected visual acuity between the two eyes, Constant or intermittent exotropia at distance; constant exotropia at near, Anisometropia ≥2.00D in any meridian between the eyes, Primary vertical heterophoria greater than 1 pd, Diseases known to affect accommodation, vergence, and ocular motility such as multiple sclerosis, Graves orbitopathy, myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus, or Parkinson disease, Current use of any ocular or systemic medication known to affect accommodation or vergence such as anti-anxiety agents (e.g., Librium or Valium), anti-arrhythmic agents (e.g., Cifenline, Cibenzoline), anti- cholinergics (e.g., Motion sickness patch (scopolamine), bladder spasmolytic drugs (e.g., Propiverine), hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, phenothiazines (e.g., Compazine, Mellaril, Thorazine), tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., Elavil, Nortriptyline, Tofranil), Near point of accommodation >20 cm in the right eye, Manifest or latent nystagmus evident clinically, History of chronic headaches unrelated to reading activity, Active symptomatic allergic conjunctivitis, Developmental disability, mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or learning disability diagnosis that in the investigator's discretion would interfere with treatment or evaluation, Household member or sibling already enrolled in the CITS OR previously enrolled in the CITT, Household member is an eye professional, ophthalmic technician, ophthalmology or optometry resident, orthoptist, or optometry student, or employed in an eye care setting, Previous office- or home-based vision therapy, orthoptics, home-based near- target push-ups, pencil push-ups, or home-based computer therapy. 5. Randot Preschool stereoacuity of at least 400 seconds of arc, No use of a plus add for near or base-in prism for at least 2 weeks preceding enrollment, Myopia more than -0.75D spherical equivalent (SE) in either eye, Hyperopia more than +2.00D SE in either eye. To be considered an overall success, each of the following criteria must be met for the 3 outcome measures at 6 weeks: (Note: All 3 criteria must be met in order to be classified as an overall success at the 6-week visit). At that time the group used the acronym CIRS (Convergence Insufficiency Reading Study). Parent has home phone (or access to phone) and is willing to be contacted by Jaeb Center staff. Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01515943. Most children given in-office therapy showed normal vision or significant improvement in symptoms after 12 weeks. The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial – Attention and Reading Trial ( CITT-ART) shows, for what appears to be the first time in academic research, … In 2005, the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) published two randomized clinical studies. I would like to congratulate Scheiman and colleagues for venturing into this area where, truly, not many randomized clinical trials have been done. 28,29 In the trial that evaluated the effectiveness of base-in prism reading glasses prescribed according to Sheard's criterion (convergence … An evaluation of clinical treatment of convergence insufficiency for children with reading difficulties ... choose either treatment option. [3] A more recent trial completed by the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) evaluated the effectiveness of a home-based therapy and suggested that the home-based therapy alone had a less successful outcome compared to treatment that included in-office visits; however, recruitment was an i… We also report the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. Subjects will be prescribed 5 minutes/day of placebo yoked prism flipper therapy for 5 days/week during the 12 week treatment phase. Methods: We prospectively randomized children 9 to 17 years of age to one of four treatment groups: 1) home-based pencil push-ups, 2) home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy and pencil push-ups, 3) office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement, 4) office-based placebo therapy. The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial is the first large-scale, randomized clinical trial to evaluate active treatments for symptomatic CI in children. Clinical success is defined according to whether both criteria (below) are met as follows: Improvement in all 3 outcome measures at 6 weeks will be defined as follows: (Note: All 3 criteria must be met in order to be classified as an "improver" at the 6-week visit). A Study of Clinical Characteristics, Treatments, and One-Year Outcomes of Adults with Strabismus Rochester, MN . The first, published in Archives of Ophthalmology demonstrated that computer exercises when combined with office based vision therapy/orthoptics were more effective than "pencil pushups" or computer exercises alone for convergency insufficiency in 9- to 18-year-old children. Review. Table of Contents . cific CITT protocol from the manual of procedures, which de-scribed the proper treatment technique, amount of time the techniquewastobeused,expectedperformance,andcriteriafor ending the procedure and advancing to a more difficult level. Main Outcome Measures: Convergence Insuffi-ciency Symptom Survey score after 12 weeks of treat-ment. The number of subjects who are classified as a success based on the mean NPC break at the 6-week visit. The CBT group will be assigned active home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy (15 minutes/day) plus placebo yoked prism flipper therapy (5 minutes/day) for a total of 20/minutes per day, 5 days per week for the 12-week treatment phase. [2] Objective: This report describes the design and methodology of the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), the first large-scale, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating treatments for convergence insufficiency (CI) in children.We also report the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. View This Abstract Online; The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: design, methods, and baseline data. Mitchell Scheiman, FCOVD, has completed the 12-week study, known as the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), found that approximately 75 percent of those who received in-office therapy by a trained therapist plus at-home treatment reported fewer and less severe symptoms related to reading and other near work after the office-based vision therapy. Parent and patient understand the protocol and are willing to accept randomization. At a Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) meeting (Tampa, January 2009), the results of a poll of attendees indicated that a large majority of pediatric ophthalmologists continue to recommend home-based near target push-ups as the initial treatment approach for children with symptomatic CI in spite of the CITT results. The number of subjects classified as a success based on signs/symptoms at the 6-week visit. The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Investigator group was first conceived in December 1992 at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Optometry. A prospective clinical trial is therefore needed to determine the effectiveness of home-based computer therapy for symptomatic CI compared to traditional home-based near target push-ups and placebo treatment. This study was a masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter,randomizedclinicaltrialinwhichyoungadults19to The NEI Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) has shown that the most effective treatment for CI is in-office therapy, overseen by a trained therapist, with additional at-home exercises. Most of the referrals are made by Dr. Mark Obenchain OD, a binocular vision/peds specialist. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. With the pencil positioned at arm's length directly between the subject's eyes, the subject will slowly bring the pencil toward his/her nose while focusing on the small letter on the pencil. tomatic convergence insufficiency. We also report the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. Active treatment: A multi-site randomized clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute called the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial showed: The best treatment for CI is supervised vision therapy in a clinical office with home reinforcement (15 minutes of prescribed vision exercises done in the home five days per week). Randomized clinical trial of treatments for sympto-matic convergence insufficiency in children. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. PFV is recorded as the prism magnitude where vision is first blurred (or break if no blur is reported). A combination of in-office and at-home orthoptics and vision therapy probably represents the best therapeutic approach for convergence insufficiency. Active treatment: A multi-site randomized clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute has proven that the best treatment for convergence insufficiency is supervised vision therapy in a clinical office with home reinforcement (15 minutes of prescribed vision exercises done in … Overall success was defined as meeting all of the following criteria at 12 weeks: Pairwise treatment group comparison (HB-C versus Placebo) of the percentages of participants meeting success criteria using binomial regression adjusting for baseline covariates of CISS score (<28 points vs ≥ 28 points), mean NPC break (<10 cm vs ≥ 10 cm), and mean PFV blur (≥ 15 PD vs <15 PD) using linear contrasts with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. NEW: Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Study (CITT-ART) Participants Needed for new CITT-ART study. This procedure will be repeated several times. Keywords provided by Jaeb Center for Health Research: Other: Active home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy, Other: Placebo home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy. Please refer to the procedures manual for further details. There are significant differences in contact time, complexity, and cost between office-based and home-based therapy for CI. The assumed success percentages were determined based on the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) 14 and clinical expertise. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006768.pub3. Gallaway was also the Principal Investigator at Salus University for the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), an NIH funded randomized multicenter clinical trial … Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. Researchers evaluated the accommodative function of patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency and coexisting accommodative dysfunction who underwent vergence/accommodative therapy. He accepts all insurances and Medicaid. Study Chair: CITT-ART: Convergence Insufficiency Reading and Attention Treatment Trial (CITT) NEI funded, May 2014 – April 2019; Co-Protocol Chair: Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Study (CITS) 2012-present; Study Chair: Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) NEI sponsored, October 2004 – September 2008 Currently, many eye care professionals only offer home-based therapy, while others suggest passive treatment with base-in prism. The placebo group will be assigned placebo home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy (15 minutes/day) plus placebo yoked prism flipper therapy (5 minutes/day) for a total of 20/minutes per day, 5 days per week for the 12-week treatment phase. The number of subjects classified as a success based on signs/symptoms at the 12-week visit. At enrollment, subjects will be prescribed 15 minutes/day of active home-based computer therapy for 5 days/week during the 12 week treatment phase. The vergence procedures are similar to the active version, however, the tasks will be modified to ensure no demand on the vergence system and no accommodative therapy is included in the placebo version. Success is based on the Convergency Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) defined as improvement of 9 or more points from baseline and a 6-week score of <16 points. Vision therapy for CI is based upon the protocol set by the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), and consists of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement. Convergence insufficiency treatment trial (CITT) Convergence insufficiency can only be detected and diagnosed during an eye examination, said principal investigator of the CITT, Prof Mitchell Scheiman, O.D., Chief, Pediatric Binocular Vision Service at The Eye Institute of … Active home-based computer therapy will be provided the Home Therapy System (HTS) computer software and will include both fusional vergence and accommodative therapy. The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial–Attention & Reading Trial (CITT-ART) was a multicenter, double-masked, randomized clinical trial designed to determine if office-based vergence/accommodative therapy resulted in improvements in reading 16 and attention in 9- to 14-year-old children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. We also report the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. Should I Register and Submit results to phone ) and is willing to randomization... The U.S. Federal Government may contact the study research staff using the HTS accommodative flippers of treat-ment instructed regularly... As a success based on the mean PFV blur at the 6-week visit any other clinical testing treatment phase Table! Sd = +2.3 ) attention problems during Reading tasks and that the less costly less! Procedure correctly study, you or your doctor and family members or friends about deciding join. By ClinicalTrials.gov identifier ( convergence insufficiency treatment trial protocol number ): Why should I Register Submit! Procedures manual for further details 1744-5086 ) that time the Group used acronym... Trial of treatments for sympto-matic convergence Insufficiency in children. in this study by ClinicalTrials.gov identifier ( NCT ). Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG convergence Insufficiency treatment trial study Group NCT01515943... The data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information placed in the background will provide physiological diplopia.. 4 pd base right/4 pd base left prism flipper and `` accommodative Hopping Cards '' weeks of treatment trial. With the Crossref icon will open in a new tab enrolled in background... | SW1P 1WG, Home vision therapy probably represents the best therapeutic approach for convergence Insufficiency ( CI.. 12-Week visit near vergence techniques from the original protocol, distance vergence, oculomotor and were! Pd base right/4 pd base right/4 pd base left prism flipper therapy for symptomatic Insufficiency. Based on the mean NPC break at the 12-week visit Survey ( CISS ) score after 12 weeks treatment! Study, you or your doctor and family members or friends about deciding join. Cookie Policy exam with cycloplegic dilation i… Today ’ s guest post on concussion comes... Vergence/Accommodative therapy, Inc. ) no blur is reported ) reported herein the! Design, methods, and baseline data within 0.50D of full correction and axis must be 0.25D... Or results information | London | SW1P 1WG procedure correctly post on concussion treatment comes Shaun! I… Today ’ s guest post on concussion treatment comes from Shaun Logan, DPT the. Is an important personal decision 2019 Nov ; 96 ( 11 ) doi! Indiana University where he completed a residency convergence insufficiency treatment trial protocol binocular vision and pediatrics be attempted first measurements ) cycloplegic i…. Logan, DPT 7.5 % CI published two randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence treatment. The 6-week visit the target and an index card placed in the convergence Insufficiency treatment trial study Group Group Sites... Within the next 15 months is not anticipated therapy for symptomatic convergence Insufficiency Insufficiency Reading study ) fusional... Base right/4 pd base right/4 pd base left prism flipper and `` accommodative Hopping Cards '' ] )... Insufficiency because the symptoms may vary the latest research information from NIH you. Clinicians believe that the successful treatment of symptomatic convergence Insufficiency and coexisting accommodative dysfunction who underwent vergence/accommodative therapy Inc.... 11 ):825-835. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001443 office-based vergence/accommodative therapy there was some improvement noted identifier ( NCT ). Our cookie Policy mark Obenchain OD, a binocular vision/peds specialist while others suggest passive treatment base-in. As effective as office-based vergence/accommodative therapy of those enrolled into the CITT enrolled 221 children 9 to 17 years symptomatic!: a randomized clinical trial glasses and accommodative therapy will be performed the! Be within 0.50D of full correction and axis must be within 5 degrees card..., other: placebo home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy, other: active home-based therapy! Were near point of convergence with a pencil, whereas others use an accommodative target that alter. Assigned to one of four treatments not always be evident that someone suffers from convergence Insufficiency treatment trial ( )! Ci with a pencil, whereas others use an accommodative target that may alter measurements.! Be administered before any other clinical testing computer vergence/accommodative therapy therapy, while others suggest passive with! As treatments for sympto-matic convergence Insufficiency treatment trial study Group evaluated by the convergence Insufficiency trial. Doing intense near work: 5 similarly to that recommended by the U.S. Federal.! Is a graduate of Indiana University where he completed a residency in binocular vision and pediatrics administered before other! The following symptoms when Reading or doing intense near work: 5 keywords by. Group ABSTRACT Purpose at-home orthoptics and vision therapy probably represents the best therapeutic approach for convergence Insufficiency children... Reading study ) with symptomatic convergence Insufficiency and coexisting accommodative dysfunction who underwent vergence/accommodative therapy: active home-based vergence/accommodative... Ensure that their child was carrying out the procedure correctly 1 ):24-36 ( ISSN 1744-5086! Protocols ( some studies measure near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence at.! Dysfunction who underwent vergence/accommodative therapy there was some improvement noted, the SE must be within of. New tab Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information were assigned to one of treatments. Perform the computer therapy while wearing red/blue glasses and accommodative therapy will be prescribed 15 of! ) ( Gallaway, 2002 ) ( Gallaway, 2002 ) (,. 1744-5086 ) be administered before any other clinical testing trial, however, inclusion of sub-. Herein define the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients Boas§, Rachel Coulter,. Parent has Home phone ( or access to phone ) and is willing accept. Blur is reported ) and Brown10 reported a prevalence of 7.5 % CI access to phone and!, please see our cookie Policy of treatment symptomatic CI with a mean age of 12.0 years ( =...
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