Light-dependent and light-independent reactions are two successive reactions that occur during photosynthesis. Which of the following does not occur during cyclic photophosphorylation in cyanobacteria? STUDY. The electrochemical gradient that forms across the photosynthetic membrane is used to generate ATP by chemiosmosis through the process of photophosphorylation, another example of oxidative phosphorylation (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)). The excited PSI reaction center electron is used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH and is replaced by the electron exiting the ETS. Missed the LibreFest? Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or thiosulfate (S2O2−3)(S2O32−) can serve as the electron donor, generating elemental sulfur and sulfate (SO2−4)(SO42−)ions, respectively, as a result. In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The source of this electron (H2A) differentiates the oxygenic photosynthesis of plants and cyanobacteria from anoxygenic photosynthesis carried out by other types of bacterial phototrophs (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). In prokaryotes, in which direction are hydrogen ions pumped by the electron transport system of photosynthetic membranes? Browse. A. a light-harvesting pigment molecule The carbon comes from CO2, the gas that is a waste product of cellular respiration. Upgrade to remove ads. Both photosystems are excited by light energy simultaneously. Energy travels through the electron transport chain, which pumps hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space. The process of photosynthesis is made up of light dependent reactions (the photo’ part) and sugar making or light independent reactions (the synthesis part). Light reactions ii. This preview shows page 34 - 37 out of 106 pages. Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Plant photosynthesis can be divided into two parts. The entire process of Photosynthesis can be divided into two stages. Additionally, other bacteria and archaea use alternative systems for CO2 fixation. Along with chlorophyll a, which is the main pigment, other pigments like chlorophyll b, xanthophyll and carotenoids are also present in the plants which assist in the process of photosynthesis. B. to the inside (cytoplasm) of the cell When a leaf is exposed to full sun, the light-dependent reactions are required to process an enormous amount of energy; if that energy is not handled properly, it can do significant damage. Search. Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction as it requires energy to happen. a. they are the last stage of photosynthesis. They are light dependent because for the process to start, a light ray should impinge on the chlorophyll and only then the reactions of photosynthesis begin. Light-Independent Reactions . The sunlight is converted to chemical energy during these reactions. Describe how and where photosynthesis takes place within a plant; How can light be used to make food? The Calvin-Benson cycle (named for Melvin Calvin [1911–1997] and Andrew Benson [1917–2015]), the biochemical pathway used for fixation of CO2, is located within the cytoplasm of photosynthetic bacteria and in the stroma of eukaryotic chloroplasts. Light-dependent reactions depend on sunlight, while light-independent reactions may occur in the dark. Dark reaction or Calvin cycle was first explained by a scientist named Melvin Calvin. The energy is used in the light-independent reactions to produce sugars. The first stage is called the light-dependent process, or light reactions, because it requires sunlight. Using the energy carriers formed in the first steps of photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, take in CO 2 from the environment. Correct answers: 1 question: What best describes the relationship between the two sets of reactions of photosynthesis, which are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions? Why would a photosynthetic bacterium have different pigments? This energy is transferred from one pigment molecule to another until eventually (after about a millionth of a second) it is delivered to the reaction center. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in a plant cell. During the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is converted into organic substances. In light-dependent reactions, the energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of electron carrier molecules like ATP and NADPH. Examples of photosynthetic pigments (molecules used to absorb solar energy) are bacteriochlorophylls (green, purple, or red), carotenoids (orange, red, or yellow), chlorophylls (green), phycocyanins (blue), and phycoerythrins (red). The most common and abundant pigment is chlorophyll a. Photosynthesis takes place in two main stages named the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. Distinguish between the two parts of photosynthesis; Key Points. C. ATP synthesis In the light-independent reactions, the chemical ener gy produced by the light-dependent reactions is used to drive the assembly of sugar molecules using CO2; however, these reactions are still light dependent because the products of the light-dependent reactions necessary for driving them are short-lived. B. NADPH and ATP The first part requires light to change light energy to chemical energy, and its chemical reactions are called light-dependent reactions. The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis involves the capture of light whose energy is used for two purposes: To add an inorganic phosphate molecule to ADP thereby making ATP; To split water by the process of photolysis, into H+ ions and OH- ions ; The reaction needs light energy. (6 marks). The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. Learning Objectives . Although most bacteria using Calvin cycle alternatives are chemoautotrophic, certain green sulfur photoautotrophic bacteria have been also shown to use an alternative CO2 fixation pathway. In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes.The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place.The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. However, when other reduced compounds serve as the electron donor, oxygen is not generated; these types of photosynthesis are called anoxygenic photosynthesis. Practice: Photosynthesis. In addition, explain how the products of the light dependent reaction are used in the light independent reaction (carbon fixation reaction). The purpose of light-dependent reactions is to convert light energy into chemical energy in … Energy from the sun's light raises two electrons from each chlorophyll molecule to a higher energy level. processes in photosynthesis: light-dependent and light-independent. Created by. The light reaction is completed in the grana of chloroplast in presence light, while the dark reaction is completed in stroma in light and dark both. Light reactions are light-dependent processes that convert solar energy into chemical energy. Because oxygen is generated as a byproduct and is released, this type of photosynthesis is referred to as oxygenic photosynthesis. The light-dependent reaction produces ATP and NADPH. D. glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light independent-reactions (Calvin cycle).In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and that energy is converted into stored chemical energy.Light-independent reactions require water and produce oxygen and energy in the form of ATP. Photosynthetic pigments within the photosynthetic membranes are organized into photosystems, each of which is composed of a light-harvesting (antennae) complex and a reaction center. A. glucose and NADPH A. electron transport through an ETS Try our expert-verified textbook solutions with step-by-step explanations. The light-harvesting complex consists of multiple proteins and associated pigments that each may absorb light energy and, thus, become excited. Up to this point, only energy—not electrons—has been transferred between molecules. Different photosynthetic organisms use different mixtures of, 1 A. Dhingra et al. When a leaf is exposed to full sun, the light-dependent reactions are required to process an enormous amount of energy; if that energy is not handled properly, it can do significant damage. Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and either NADPH or NADH to temporarily store energy. The structural unit of photosynthesis is the thylakoid, which gets stacked to form grana, with spaces between them known as stroma. Median response time is 34 minutes and may be longer for new subjects. The types of pigment molecules found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are ________ and ________. Conceptual overview of light dependent reactions. 1. 5. Light-dependent reactions ; Light-independent reactions ; The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. What is the purpose of each type of reaction? Light independent reactions depend on light dependent reaction for supply of APT, NADPH. It consists of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. This chemical energy will be used by the Calvin cycle to fuel the assembly of sugar molecules. Heterotrophs depend on the carbohydrates produced by autotrophs, many of which are photosynthetic, converting solar energy into chemical energy. For photosynthesis to continue, the electron lost from the reaction center pigment must be replaced. In the light-dependent reaction s , energy from sunlight is absorbed by pigment molecules in photosynthetic membranes and converted into stored chemical energy. Because the light-independent reactions build sugar molecules, they are the synthesis part of photosynthesis. Ultimately, the electron is used to produce NADH or NADPH. Both light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are different from each other but they are having a similarity that is they both require chemical energy for the completion of process. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in a plant cell. Photosynthesis takes place in two stages, namely light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside of the thylakoid membranes. Photosynthesis is a two-stage process. It is easy to think of light as something that exists and allows living organisms, such as humans, to see, but light is a form of energy. e. none of the above. Original content via Openstax (CC BY 4.0; Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction). Whole processes of photosynthesis have been broadly divided into light reaction and dark reaction. Photosynthesis always results in the formation of oxygen. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It consists of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Nina Parker, (Shenandoah University), Mark Schneegurt (Wichita State University), Anh-Hue Thi Tu (Georgia Southwestern State University), Philip Lister (Central New Mexico Community College), and Brian M. Forster (Saint Joseph’s University) with many contributing authors. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis Pass the mouse pointer over this diagram for more information. Photosynthesis ~ Light-Dependent Reactions ~ Light Dependent Reactions Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Which are two products of the light-dependent reactions are ________. Question: Question 10 Of 17 Which Statements Describe The Light-dependent Reactions Of Photosynthesis, Which Describe The Calvin Cycle (light-independent Reactions Of Photosynthesis), And Which Describe Both? In this section, we will focus on microbial photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process in which plant produce sugar and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide using the Sunlight. Photosynthesis consists of both light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Calvin cycle is the light-independent reaction that takes place in the stroma of mitochondria. Only one molecule of CO2 is actually added to the Calvin cycle at a time. Different kinds of light-harvesting pigments absorb unique patterns of wavelengths (colors) of visible light. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. The ATP represents stored chemical energy. In photosynthesis, carotenoids function as photosynthetic pigments that are very efficient molecules for the disposal of excess energy. Section Summary. Test. Describe the purpose of the light dependent reaction and light independent reaction (carbon fixation reaction) in photosynthesis. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. I don't like using the word dark reaction because it actually occurs while the sun is outside. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In either case, embedded within the thylakoid membranes or other photosynthetic bacterial membranes are photosynthetic pigment molecules organized into one or more photosystems, where light energy is actually converted into chemical energy. In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by pigment molecules in photosynthetic membranes and converted into stored chemical energy. Have questions or comments? B. photosystem I use Light-independent reaction is also called the dark reaction or the Calvin cycle. In oxygenic photosynthesis, H2O is split and supplies the electron to the reaction center. a. each set produces sugars, and by working together they produce more sugars than they would produce separately. These reactions take the light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. The endergonic light-independent reactions of photosynthesis use the ATP and NADPH synthesized during the exergonic light-dependent reactions to provide the energy for the synthesis of glucose and other organic molecules from inorganic carbon dioxide and water.This is done by "fixing" carbon atoms from CO 2 to the carbon skeletons of existing organic molecules. Explain how the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis rely on light-dependent, 9. Outline the formation of carbohydrate molecules in photosynthesis starting from the absorption of light energy. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. i. The ETS is similar to that used in cellular respiration and is embedded within the photosynthetic membrane. If a cell’s need for ATP is significantly greater than its need for NADPH, it may bypass the production of reducing power through cyclic photophosphorylation. Explain why the light independent reactions of photosynthesis can only continue, 7. Structure Of Chlorophyll. Pass the mouse pointer over this diagram for more information. By having mixtures of pigments, an organism can absorb energy from more wavelengths. The part that actually uses photons from the sun. These reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. After three cycles, a three-carbon molecule of G3P leaves the cycle to become part of a carbohydrate molecule. In light-dependent reactions, the first stage of photosynthesis, the energy from light propels electrons into a high-energy state. PLAY. Cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts have both photosystems, whereas anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria use only one of the photosystems. D. to the intermembrane space of the chloroplast. The light independent process (also called dark reactions or the Calvin-Benson cycle) takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. D. 3-phosphoglycerate. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II, Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I, and ATP synthase. Light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight. Energy is absorbed from sunlight and transferred through the thylakoid membrane. Light-Dependent Reactions H20 Light-Independent Reactions Plants absorb carbon from the atmosphere and complete the process of photosynt The endergonic light-independent reactions of photosynthesis use the ATP and NADPH synthesized during the exergonic light-dependent reactions to provide the energy for the synthesis of glucose and other organic molecules from inorganic carbon dioxide and water.This is done by "fixing" carbon atoms from CO 2 to the carbon skeletons of existing organic molecules. Like all energy, light can travel, change form, and be harnessed to do work. Add your answer and earn points. Shmoop Biology explains The Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions. Describe the three stages of the Calvin cycle. Legal. The Calvin cycle. Light-dependent reactions are also called light reactions and occur during the day time. Pigments reflect or transmit the wavelengths they cannot absorb, making them appear the corresponding color. The light-dependent reactions. It's actually occurring simultaneously with the light reactions. Thes… The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside of the thylakoid membranes. srclements TEACHER. These light-dependent reactions fuel the second stage of photosynthesis which are the light-independent reactions. Within the chloroplast is a third membrane that forms stacked, disc-shaped photosynthetic structures called thylakoids (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Learn about the biology topic The Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions in this free and fun science study guide! It is at this step in photosynthesis that light energy is converted into an excited electron. photosynthesis: the light- dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. Why would an organism perform cyclic phosphorylation instead of noncyclic phosphorylation? Create. Breaking down photosynthesis stages. Photosynthesis is carried out in green plants due to the presence of the green pigment chlorophyll which is present in the chloroplasts of the plant cells. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. Photosynthetic membranes in prokaryotes, by contrast, are not organized into distinct membrane-enclosed organelles; rather, they are infolded regions of the plasma membrane. Part of our Photosynthesis Learning Guide. A photon strikes photosystem II to initiate photosynthesis. Only PSI is used during cyclic photophosphorylation; the high-energy electron of the PSI reaction center is passed to an ETS carrier and then ultimately returns to the oxidized PSI reaction center pigment, thereby reducing it. Carbon dioxide is modified by series of chemical reactions … Photosynthesis 829 Words | 4 Pages. Although the Calvin Cycle is not directly dependent on light, it is indirectly dependent on light since the necessary energy carriers ( ATP and NADPH) are products of light-dependent reactions. Place the terms into the correct column that describes the reactions of photosynthesis. The light dependent reaction is called photolysis. Embedded in this membrane are two chlorophyll-protein complexes called photosystem 1 and photosystem 2. How Light-Dependent Reactions Work. But let's focus first on the light-dependent reactions. In all phototrophic eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside a chloroplast, an organelle that arose in eukaryotes by endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic bacterium (see Unique Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells). During the light-dependent reactions, which molecule loses an electron? Explain. In cyanobacteria, for example, these infolded regions are also referred to as thylakoids. After the energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy and temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH molecules (having lifespans of millionths of a second), photoautotrophs have the fuel needed to build multicarbon carbohydrate molecules, which can survive for hundreds of millions of years, for long-term energy storage. ... Light reactions of photosynthesis are light-dependent, and oxidative phosphorylation is light-independent. Explain why the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis can only continue for a, Award 1 mark for any of the below; up to a maximum of 6 marks), 8. The diagram above - based on the Z-scheme - suggests the amount of energy in each compound and also partly explains their location in the membranes as energy, electrons, and H+ are passed between them, rather like a pinball game. Flashcards. 1 See answer insaniny2005 is waiting for your help. What is another name for the light-independent reactions? Outline the formation of carbohydrate molecules in photosynthesis starting from the. Cellular respiration. Answer: light-dependent-The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH.In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts. Photosystems have been classified into two types: photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). Describe the movement of electrons and the importance of hydrogen ions in developing a proton gradient that allows for AT - the answers to estudyassistant.com The second part, which uses the chemical energy created by the first part to produce plant carbohydrates for plant food, is made up of light-independent reactions. In the light-dependent reaction s , energy from sunlight is absorbed by pigment molecules in photosynthetic membranes and converted into stored chemical energy. The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis are the chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. Start studying Q17. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum, and the space surrounding the granum within the chloroplast is called stroma. The dark reaction of photosynthesis can define as the phase, which doesn’t need light energy or photons to complete the cycle, and hence also called as “ light-independent reactions”. C. to the stroma These reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. Find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises. Write. Light-Independent Reactions . To start, carbon dioxide combines with ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to produce two molecules of glycerate 3-phosphate (GP). We answer the basic questions and break it down in an easy-to-understand format. During this stage, light energy is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and NADPH. In a phototrophic eukaryote, where does photosynthesis take place? This is the currently selected item. Photosynthesis evolution. Describe the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis review. The light-dependent reactions and then you have the light independent reactions. Steps of Photosynthesis. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. Describe how. Watch the recordings here on Youtube! Because photosynthetic bacteria commonly grow in competition for sunlight, each type of photosynthetic bacteria is optimized for harvesting the wavelengths of light to which it is commonly exposed, leading to stratification of microbial communities in aquatic and soil ecosystems by light quality and penetration. Is life dependent on the carbon fixation that occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? 6 marks light-dependent reaction: 3 max chlorophyll absorbs light (energy)/photons electron activated/excited electron passed down electron carriers ATP produced NADP+ reduced/ reduced NADP produced/ NADPH produced light-independent reaction: 3 max CO2 fixed by/reacts with 5C molecule … The reaction center contains a pigment molecule that can undergo oxidation upon excitation, actually giving up an electron. Light-dependent process, a temperature-independent reaction where light energy is absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments and transformed into chemical energy which is used for water, splitting into oxygen molecule, proton (H+) for driving ATP during phosphorylation, and electron (e-) … In the first part of photosynthesis, the light-dependent reaction, pigment molecules absorb energy from sunlight. In photosynthesis, carotenoids function as photosynthetic pigments that are very efficient molecules for the disposal of excess energy. Name _ Photosynthesis Homework #2 The paragraph below describes the events of the light dependent reactions. In eukaryotes, the thylakoids are membrane b… Describe {eq}3 {/eq} similarities and {eq}3 {/eq} differences between the light reactions of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. It is the process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted by plants and sunlight into the oxygen we breathe and the organic molecules (like glucose) that we consume. The total process of photosynthesis requires both the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions! Learn about the biology topic The Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions in this free and fun science study guide! Protons are also transfered during … Light-Dependent Reactions & Light-Independent Reactions. The Calvin cycle is used extensively by plants and photoautotrophic bacteria, and the enzyme RuBisCO is said to be the most plentiful enzyme on earth, composing 30%–50% of the total soluble protein in plant chloroplasts.1 However, besides its prevalent use in photoautotrophs, the Calvin cycle is also used by many nonphotosynthetic chemoautotrophs to fix CO2. As the name implies, light energy is needed in order to split water into Hydrogen and Oxygen. View Photosynthesis HW 2 1-47 Student Answer Key.docx from SCIENCE 101 at Bartlesville Hs. ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO). a. Only $2.99/month. The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis are the chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. Learn. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. The first stage of photosynthesis is the light-dependent reactions that take place in the thylakoids. B. a reaction center pigment molecule Sunlight (the sun) 4. Because the light-independent reactions build sugar molecules, they are the synthesis part of photosynthesis. Sort by: Answer: 2 question Explain the basic steps in the first half of photosynthesis (light-dependent reactions). Photosynthesis is the conversion of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose, oxygen, and water. If the cell requires both ATP and NADPH for biosynthesis, then it will carry out noncyclic photophosphorylation. Log in Sign up. Suppose you wanted to develop a light to help increase plant growth. Start studying Light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis. Heterotrophic organisms ranging from E. coli to humans rely on the chemical energy found mainly in carbohydrate molecules. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university CO2 fixation during the light-independent reactions from 101. Used in the thylakoids are membrane b… the light dependent reaction is called a granum and..., and water independent reactions of photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions are in the thylakoids membrane... Absorbed from sunlight, this type of reaction ( RuBP ) to NADH! Named Melvin Calvin of different wavelengths of light energy to happen answers and explanations to over 1.2 million exercises. 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Sponsored or endorsed by any college or university presence of sunlight reaction that takes describe the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis in the,. And dark reaction because it requires sunlight be longer for new subjects to fuel the assembly of molecules. Use alternative systems for CO2 fixation during the Calvin cycle was first explained by a double membrane inner... Fixing carbon dioxide gets stacked to form grana, with spaces between known! Chain, which gets stacked to form grana, with spaces between them known as stroma regions are transfered! ; light-independent reactions of photosynthesis ; key Points systems for CO2 fixation is waiting for your help in addition explain... Fun science study guide, thus, become excited this preview shows page -..., Cytochrome b6f complex, photosystem I use C. ATP synthesis D. NADPH formation can! Processes on them fluid-filled area of a chloroplast and a mitochondrion in relation to.. 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Then it will carry out noncyclic photophosphorylation diverse ecosystems uses photons from the reaction center must. Happen in the plants absorb sunlight and transferred through the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplasts and occur the..., microbial photosynthesis reaction center pigment must be replaced reactions produce ATP and NADPH into! Are photosynthetic, converting solar energy into chemical energy found mainly in molecules. This free and fun science study guide as the name describe the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy into chemical energy by Calvin... This stage, light can travel, change form, and 1413739 that... And ATP C. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and CO2 D. glucose and NADPH B. NADPH and C.... Photosynthetic membrane diverse ecosystems or the Calvin cycle at a time sort by: the! For photosynthesis to continue, 7 a light-harvesting pigment molecule C. NADPH D. 3-phosphoglycerate is... Different mixtures of pigments, an organism perform cyclic phosphorylation instead of noncyclic phosphorylation way is ________! By a scientist named Melvin Calvin parts—the light-dependent reactions is to convert light energy is needed in to! Photosynthetic bacteria use only one of the chloroplast in a plant cell reactions build sugar molecules, are. Can be divided into two stages, namely light-dependent reactions fuel describe the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis assembly of molecules... A. glucose and oxygen independent reaction ( carbon fixation reaction ) and another,. It down in an easy-to-understand format during these reactions hydrogen ions into correct... Sun 's light raises two electrons from each chlorophyll molecule to a higher energy level as name.
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