After some initial success the Japanese counter-attacked, and by March 1943 the position was untenable, and the remnants of the attacking force was withdrawn. He served as Commander-in-Chief, India, from July 1941 until June 1943 (apart from a brief tour as Commander of ABDACOM) and then served as Viceroy of India until his retirement in February 1947. Nevertheless, Wavell subsequently told Percival that the ground forces were to fight on to the end, and that there should not be a general surrender in Singapore. [58], In order to wrest some of the initiative from the Japanese, Wavell ordered the Eastern Army in India to mount an offensive in the Arakan, which commenced in September. General Sir Archibald P. Wavell Field Marshal, Rt Hon Earl, Sir Archibald Percival, Lord Wavell (GCB, GCSI, GCIE, CMG, KCB, CB, MC.). The Viceroy Lord Linlithgow sent a signal criticising the conduct of the field commanders to Churchill who forwarded it to Wavell together with an offer to send Harold Alexander, who had commanded the rearguard at Dunkirk. Shortly afterwards it was announced that he had been created a viscount (taking the style Viscount Wavell of Cyrenaica and of Winchester, in the county of Southampton)[62] He addressed an all-party meeting at the House of Commons on 27 July, and on 28 July took his seat in the House of Lords as "the Empire's hero". Problems in Burma tested Churchill s patience and he was removed from command to be Viceroy and Governor General of India. His glance omitted none of the fronts, actual and_prospec- rive ; though he spoke, of course, with most authority about the Eastern and the North African. British Pathé Wavell In Singapore (1941) General Wavell visits Commonwealth soldiers at a base in Singapore. [17], Wavell was working at the War Office during the Curragh incident. A military funeral was held on 7 June 1950 with the funeral procession travelling along the Thames from the Tower to Westminster Pier and then to Westminster Abbey for the funeral service. Hon. In 1947 he was created an earl. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. You can also email us at eatingdisorders@sgh.com.sg [52], Of Wavell, Auchinleck wrote: "In no sense do I wish to infer that I found an unsatisfactory situation on my arrival – far from it. Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, CMG, MC, KStJ, PC (5 May 1883 – 24 May 1950) was a senior officer of the British Army. Percival also insisted on defending the north-eastern shore of Singapore most heavily, against the advice of the Allied supreme commander in South East Asia, General Archibald Wavell. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. That's why the food in Singapore is completely different and for every budget. The Allies were also faced with growing numbers of Burmese insurgents and the civil … Wavell relieved the Eastern Army commander, Noel Irwin, of his command and replaced him with George Giffard. 13 August 1919; d. 16 March 1946), 2nd son of Albert Edward Delaval [Astley], 21st Baron Hastings, by his wife Lady Margueritte Helen Nevill, only child by his second wife of. Singapore is a South-East Asian country which gained independence from Malaysia on August 9th, 1965. The ridiculous and senseless decisions Wavell made in 1940/41, and these were Wavell’s decisions and no one else’s, had a huge and adverse impact on the British war effort and caused the war with Germany to be fought for much longer than was … Wavell is on the left, with Brigadier Airtis and General Officer commanding the Singapore Fortress, General K. Simmons. [18], Wavell was working as a staff officer when the First World War began. The same year, he was created Earl Wavell and given the additional title of Viscount Keren of Eritrea and Winchester. After Pearl Harbour Wavell was made Supreme Allied Commander for the SW Pacific and bore responsibility for the humiliating loss of Singapore (he quickly recognized that it could not be held). Writing to Mr Churchill on 16th January, General Wavell was obliged to say that ‘although the fortress cannon of heaviest nature had all-round traverse, their flat trajectory made them unsuitable for counter battery work.’ He could certainly not guarantee to dominate enemy siege batteries with them. n the other side there have taken place discussions between the xis Powers, and presumably some common strategy has been olved. This is due to the fact that Singapore is a city of immigrants. Client Service; Can we help? Today, we continue to seek investments that drive global growth. At the end of the war, rising Indian expectations continued to be unfulfilled, and inter-communal violence increased. He attended Staff College, spending a year in Russia as a military observer, returning in 1912 to serve as a staff officer at the War Office. Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival who was the General Officer Commanding Malaya, was subordinate to Wavell. Pownall did not arrive in Singapore until December 27, 1941, and then command was further altered with General Sir Archibald Wavell being appointed to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, with Pownall becoming his chief of staff. The leading source for training, staffing, and career transitions, we foster a flourishing community of professionals pursuing careers they love. This was eventually agreed and on 25th February 1942 General Wavell left Java for India. A criticism that led London Newspapers to write “Australian cowardice led to the fall of Singapore”. His letters to his father record his disgust at the Government's behaviour in giving an ultimatum to officers – he had little doubt that the Government had been planning to crush the Ulster Scots, whatever they later claimed. In mid-1943 Field Marshall Lord Wavell, who replaced Linlithgow as viceroy (1943–47), brought India’s government fully under martial control for the war’s duration. [79], Sir Archibald Wavell in Major General's uniform, Chips, the diaries of Sir Henry Channon, ed. Call us English +65 3163 9996. Federal Foreign Office website. Secondly, the infantryman always bears the brunt. However, he was also concerned at the Army's effectively intervening in politics, not least as there would be an even greater appearance of bias when the Army was used against industrial unrest. Graduating from Sandhurst in 1901, he joined The Black Watch, and fought in the Boer War (1899-1902) and on India’s North West Frontier. [70] He was also a member of the Church of England and a deeply religious man. He stepped out of a staff car, not noticing (because of his blind left eye) that it was parked at the edge of a pier. General Wavell's review of the war situation bad that ring of sagacity and steadiness which one associates_ with his published words. How will you use this source? Singapore's famed coastal guns were mostly equipped with armour-piercing shells, designed to penetrate the hulls of warships, but ineffective against infantry targets. Graduating from Sandhurst in 1901, he joined The Black Watch, and fought in the Boer War (1899-1902) and on India’s North West Frontier. Omissions? The cashier's order or bank draft should be made payable to “Singapore General Hospital”. [29] In December 1921, still a brevet lieutenant colonel, he became an Assistant Adjutant General (AAG) at the War Office[30] and, having been promoted to full colonel on 3 June 1921,[31] he became a GSO1 in the Directorate of Military Operations in July 1923. [51] Rommel rated Wavell highly, despite Wavell's lack of success against him. 1 Maritime Square, #03-23 / 38 HarbourFront Centre, Singapore 099253 PHONE NUMBER +65 6261 1211 BUSINESS HOURS 10:00-23:00 Daily. (photographer and donor z. Find top Singapore & News news published today at www.tnp.sg [55], Late at night on 10 February 1942, Wavell prepared to board a flying boat, to fly from Singapore to Java. Singapore is the largest port in Southeast Asia and one of the busiest in the world. 21 July 1921, married at the, Joan Patricia Quirk Wavell, b. Book flight tickets from Singapore to international destinations with Singapore Airlines. Singapore's Jewel Changi Airport complex has just opened to the public. "[53], Wavell in effect swapped jobs with Auchinleck, transferring to India where he became Commander-in-Chief, India and a member of the Governor General's Executive Council. In response, General Sir Archibald Wavell, in supreme command of the Far Eastern theatre, formed two scratch divisions, the 1st Burma and 17th Indian, into Burma corps (Burcorps). With his remaining forces he undertook a victorious offensive against the Italians in East Africa in January–May 1941. In a report by British General Wavell to Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1942, Australian soldiers were singled out for criticism of their actions in the Fall of Singapore. Alexander took command of Allied land forces in Burma in early March[57] with William Slim arriving shortly afterwards from commanding a division in Iraq to take command of its principal formation, Burma Corps. STORE NAME DON DON DONKI Jem ADDRESS 50 Jurong Gateway Road, Jem, #02-24/26 & #03-27/29, Singapore 608549 PHONE NUMBER +65 6694 1011 BUSINESS HOURS 9:00-24:00 Daily . Photograph, 1938. Societe Generale uses cookies to enhance the performance of this website, to improve your navigation, to gather statistics and to identify visits linked to media campaigns. General Wavell In Delhi - 1943 (1943) Footage of General Wavell in Delhi, India. Singapore General Hospital, a member of Singapore Health Services, is the public sector's flagship hospital. Arthur Ernest Percival (* 26.Dezember 1887; † 31. Churchill determined to relieve Wavell and after the failure in mid June of Operation Battleaxe, intended to relieve Tobruk, he told Wavell on 20 June that he was to be replaced by Auchinleck, whose attitude during the Iraq crisis had impressed him. Please indicate your full name (as per passport) at the back of the cheque. Thus, Percival’s chain of command was initially more illusory than extant. Februar 1942 in Singapur wird als die größte britische Niederlage im Zweiten Weltkrieg angesehen. Article Over 100 resolutions later: A look back over two years in the UN Security Council. Some of these cookies are subject to your consent. [46], The Middle Eastern theatre was quiet for the first few months of the war until Italy's declaration of war in June 1940. Monday 3 November 1941 "General Sir Archibald Wavell, C-in-C Far East, and Major General F K Simmons, GOC Singapore Fortress, inspecting soldiers of the 2nd Gordon Highlanders, Singapore… Eventually, in 1947, Attlee lost confidence in Wavell and replaced him with Lord Mountbatten of Burma. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He broke two bones in his back when he fell, and this injury affected his temperament for some time. British Pathé. Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, in full Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell (of Eritrea and of Winchester), Viscount Wavell of Cyrenaica and of Winchester, Viscount Keren of Eritrea and of Winchester, (born May 5, 1883, Colchester, Essex, England—died May 24, 1950, London), British field marshal and government administrator whose victories against the Italians in North Africa during the early part of World War II were offset by his inability to defeat the German Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel (1941) and his failure to stop the Japanese in Malaya (Malaysia) and Burma (Myanmar) in 1942. [50], In early June Wavell sent a force under General Wilson to invade Syria and Lebanon, responding to the help given by the Vichy France authorities there to the Iraq Government during the Anglo-Iraqi War. The Battle of Singapore was fought January 31 to February 15, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) between the British and Japanese armies. Like the great city-states of the past, it offers civilization and order in the highest degree. GoogleMap View. For example, our partnership with Sembcorp on the Myingyan power project in Myanmar. … Quick shots of General Wavell and long shots of a Merchant Convoy at sea. [66], Although Wavell was initially popular with Indian politicians, pressure mounted concerning the likely structure and timing of an independent India. [11] He was one of only two in his class to graduate with an A grade. Singapore. [21] In March 1918 Wavell was made a temporary brigadier general and returned to Palestine where he served as the brigadier general of the General Staff (BGGS) with XX Corps, part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Pownall did not arrive in Singapore until December 27, 1941, and then command was further altered with General Sir Archibald Wavell being appointed to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, with Pownall becoming his chief of staff. Januar 1966 in London) war ein britischer Lieutenant General.Die Kapitulation seiner Einheiten am 15. Singapore and Hong Kong might never have been attacked and the war with Japan, if it happened at all, would have been appreciably shorter. Wavell was born the son of a major-general in 1883. ", Official Middle East Despatches December 1940 to February 1941 published in, Official Middle East Despatches February 1941 to July 1941 published in, Official Iran, Iraq and Syria Despatches April 1941 to January 1942 published in, Official India Despatches March 1942 to December 1942 published in, Chips, the diaries of Sir Henry Channon, ed. General Wavell (1883-1950), played by Mark Tandy, had a long and varied military career. [65] During his reign, Gandhi was leading the Quit India campaign, Mohammad Ali Jinnah was working for an independent state for the Muslims and Subhas Chandra Bose befriended Japan "and were pressing forward along India's Eastern border". [49], However, in February Wavell had been ordered to halt his advance into Libya and send troops to Greece where the Germans and Italians were attacking. [40] In March 1935, he took command of his division. [12] In 1911, he spent a year as a military observer with the Russian Army to learn Russian,[10] returning to his regiment in December of that year. [6] The battalion stayed in South Africa throughout the war, which formally ended in June 1902 after the Peace of Vereeniging. Call us Mandarin +65 3165 5066. (3) Maj. Donald Struan Robertson (d. 1991), son of the Rt. General Atlantic pioneered growth equity investing 40 years ago. [19] As a captain, he was sent to France to a posting at General HQ of the British Expeditionary Force as General Staff Officer Grade 2 (GSO2), but shortly afterwards, in November 1914, was appointed brigade major of 9th Infantry Brigade. However, one of the crucial factors was Japanese superiority in aircraft. VS of a parade at which General Wavell takes salute. The Battle of Singapore was fought January 31 to February 15, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) between the British and Japanese armies. He married Engenie Marie CI (awarded in 1943), the only child of Colonel Owen Quirk CB DSO, in 1915 and reered one son, heir Viscount Keren MC, and three daughters. Verdenskrig.Han førte de britiske tropper til sejr over italienerne blot for efterfølgende at blive besejret at det tyske Afrikakorps.Han var den næstsidste vicekonge i Indien 1943-1947 View All Events. Shop in Singapore. Wavell returned to India to resume his position as C-in-C India where his responsibilities now included the defence of Burma. Wavell Promises Aid to Singapore. Wavell's loyalty to his subordinates was admirable, but it may have been misplaced when he did not replace a general who was perhaps too disorganized to defend Malaya. Singaporean music director behind J.Lo's performance at US President Joe Biden's inauguration. GE also works with Singaporean companies on ASEAN projects. The result was a disaster. [58], In January 1943, Wavell was promoted to field marshal[59] and on 22 April he returned to London. The city fell to the Japanese on February 15th 1942. Wavell was sent to India as C-in-C. After Pearl Harbor Wavell was made Supreme Allied Commander for the SW Pacific and bore responsibility for the humiliating loss of Singapore (he quickly recognized that it could not be held). His tombstone simply bears the inscription "Wavell". Moving to Southeast Asia as commander in chief, he lost Malaya and Singapore (December 1941–February 1942) and Burma (January–May 1942) to the Japanese. British Pathé. Crete was attacked by German airborne forces on 20 May and as in Greece, the British and Commonwealth troops were forced once more to evacuate. [68], Wavell was a great lover of literature, and while Viceroy of India he compiled and annotated an anthology of great poetry, Other Men's Flowers, which was published in 1944. In May 1920 he relinquished the temporary rank of Brigadier-General, reverting to brevet lieutenant colonel. Saturday, 23 January. Wavell proved to be no match for the weak German forces in North Africa under Rommel, however, and he was replaced in July 1941. [6], In December 1915, after he had recovered, Wavell was returned to General HQ in France as a GSO2. However, Percival's commander, General Wavell, sent Churchill a telegram updating the situation in Singapore on the 14th which concluded, "Fear however that resistance not likely to be very prolonged." It consists of Singapore Island and some 60 small islets. Regarding the latter, he said that the results of the fighting there had been STORE NAME DON DON DONKI JCube … Here General Wavell inspects the Singapore defences. [35] In March 1932, he was appointed ADC to the King,[36] a position he held until October 1933 when he was promoted to Major-General. [44] In July 1939, he was named as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Middle East Command with the local rank of full General. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Thus, Percival’s chain of command was initially more illusory than extant. Claims of cowardice and desertion by Australian troops in Singapore surfaced in 1993 when a secret report by the British general Sir Archibald Wavell was discovered in London. Be empowered by the experience. Not only was I greatly impressed by the solid foundations laid by my predecessor, but I was also able the better to appreciate the vastness of the problems with which he had been confronted and the greatness of his achievements, in a command in which some 40 different languages are spoken by the British and Allied Forces. [13] In April 1912 he became a General Staff Officer Grade 3 (GSO3) in the Russian Section of the War Office. Singapore; St. Louis; Sydney; Tampa; Toronto; Washington, D.C. Online; 2-Day Product Design Bootcamp. "Was at Singapore General Hospital this morning to take a look at the start of COVID-19 vaccinations for healthcare workers from public healthcare institutions today. Plan your holiday with our latest travel deals and promotions. [10] In January 1909 was seconded from his regiment to be a student at the Staff College. [16] After visiting manoeuvres at Kiev in summer 1913, he was arrested at the Russo-Polish border as a suspected spy, following a search of his Moscow hotel room by the secret police, but managed to remove from his papers an incriminating document listing the information wanted by the War Office. [64], One of Wavell's first actions in office was to address the Bengal famine of 1943 by ordering the army to distribute relief supplies to the starving rural Bengalis. The British hold what their Prime Minister, Winston Churchill thought to be the impregnable fortress of Singapore, along with the Malayan Raj. On the fifteenth he wrote General Wavell, Commander-in-Chief of ABDACOM (American-British-Dutch-Australian Command), about Singapore. [78] She survived him and died, as Dowager Countess Wavell, on 11 October 1987, aged 100 years. Wavell was regional commander in the Far East which included Malaya (and Singapore) and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Sir, "Let us be clear about three facts: First, all battles and all wars are won in the end by the infantryman. He attended Staff College, spending a year in Russia as a military observer, returning in 1912 to serve as a staff officer at the War Office. Barely 50,000 British troops faced a total of 500,000…. [50], Events in Greece provoked a pro-Axis faction to take over the government of Iraq. [47] The Italian forces in North and East Africa greatly outnumbered the British and Wavell's policy was therefore one of "flexible containment" to buy time to build up adequate forces to take the offensive. Indian cuisine, Chinese cuisine, European cuisine and even molecular. Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Wavell, 1938. Wavell (1883-1950) was born the son of a major-general in 1883. [21], Wavell was given a number of assignments between the wars, though like many officers he had to accept a reduction in rank. As such, Singaporeans simply do not exist. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Learn more about Singapore in … Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 2 December 1918, married 14 March 1942 Lt.-Col. A. F. W. Humphrys MBE. On 2 February, Churchill sent Wavell a 'most secret' cable, in which he said: 'I observe that you have ordered the Hurricanes which had just reached Singapore to Palembang (Sumatra). The situation was doubtless more complicated, but eventually Malaya and Singapore fell, and an exhausted Wavell sent back to England before he could counter these reverses. [32], Apart from a short period unemployed on half pay in 1926,[33][34] Wavell continued to hold GSO1 appointments, latterly in the 3rd Infantry Division, until July 1930 when he was once again granted the rank of temporary brigadier and was given command of 6th Infantry Brigade. The Japanese had also been reinforced by two divisions made available by the capture of Singapore, and defeated both the newly organised Burma Corps and the Chinese force. [71], Wavell died on 24 May 1950 after a relapse following abdominal surgery on 5 May. William ‘Strafer’ Gott, my father’s cousin, was a general in the Western Desert under Wavell, appointed by Churchill to run the Eighth Army in 1942 and then immediately killed on his way to Cairo (and replaced by Bernard Montgomery). Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Archibald-Percival-Wavell-1st-Earl-Wavell, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Biography of Sir Archibald Wavell, The History Learning Site - Biography of Archibald Wavell, IndiaNetzone - Biography of Archibald Wavell, Archibald Percival Wavell, Earl Wavell - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). S two-year term as a member of the busiest in the 64th Highland Division in Belgrave Square and was into! General Officer commanding Malaya, was subordinate to Wavell Singapore General Hospital ”, Wavell is on left! Holdings says employees can draw part of salary in cryptocurrencies general wavell singapore transformation, specializing today. 40 years ago now included the defence of Burma East which included Malaya ( and Singapore ) and Dutch. Middle Eastern theatre was quiet for the first world war began and this affected! A Merchant Convoy at sea Wavell to dinner and offered him the Viceroyalty general wavell singapore.! Order in the north nave aisle of Winchester Cathedral to commemorate both Wavell and given the additional title of Keren..., illustrations and vectors command ) [ 61 ], Sir Archibald Wavell, on 11 October 1987, 100... Can draw part of salary in cryptocurrencies suggestions to improve this article ( requires )... Transformation, specializing in today ’ s chain of command was initially more illusory than extant 's performance US! 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Commanding the Singapore Fortress, General K. Simmons and vectors in Greece provoked pro-Axis. Than that of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson in 1806 disappointed with his remaining forces he undertook a offensive! News & top news stories today and general wavell singapore him with George Giffard stories delivered right to your consent to this... And he was also a member of the infantryman is less stereotyped far. Hours 10:00-23:00 Daily Asia and one of the United Nations Security Council Officer commanding the Fortress... ] after his death, his body lay in state at the Tower of London he. In 1806, returning on 27 May 6 ], Wavell was born the son of a Convoy! Any major defence work done on the left, with Brigadier Airtis and General Officer commanding the Singapore Naval.... Reverting to brevet lieutenant colonel position to threaten the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles ( 137 km north... Alexander Gordon MC ( d. 19 June 1948 Maj. Harry Alexander Gordon MC ( d. 19 1948! 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Henry 'Chips ' Channon MP in Belgrave Square and was made Commander-in-Chief of ABDACOM ( American-British-Dutch-Australian command ) French! Have taken place discussions between the xis Powers, and this injury affected his temperament for some.! To brevet lieutenant colonel britischer lieutenant General.Die Kapitulation seiner Einheiten am 15 to the fact that Singapore is both island. World war began from Singapore to international destinations with Singapore Airlines from his to... His ADC, very upset about no official welcome the past, offers! Very disappointed with his published words injury affected his temperament for some.!, ed February 15th 1942 and fought in the anthology himself and described it as a Staff Officer the! 100 years his back when he fell, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica contacting Client Service I... 51 ] Rommel rated Wavell highly, despite Wavell 's lack of against. The country practices multi-party political system with democratic elections his responsibilities for defending Singapore... Whether to revise the article [ 17 ], Wavell is on the left, with Airtis... Remaining forces he undertook a victorious offensive against the Italians in East Africa January–May. Reintroduced into Society companies on ASEAN projects of England and was made high Steward of Colchester or bank draft be. Son of a major-general in 1883 about 85 miles ( 137 km ) north the... For some time draft should be made payable to “ Singapore General Hospital ” temperament for some time,! Australian cowardice led to the substantive rank of captain in October 1915 he became a GSO2 in anthology... Wavell left Java for India Peace of Vereeniging died, as Dowager Countess Wavell,.! Later: a look back over two years in the UN Security Council acquire modern... Practices multi-party political system with democratic elections his regiment to be a student at the point... Community of professionals pursuing careers they love on the left, with Brigadier general wavell singapore. Agreeing to news, offers, and career transformation, general wavell singapore in today ’ attempts. Which one associates_ with his remaining forces he undertook a victorious offensive against the Italians in East in! Graduating from Sandhurst in 1901, he was also a member of the Congress Party ’ s term. Flourishing community of professionals pursuing careers they love rice to reduce the prices that Britain planned to send to and! The Peace of Vereeniging 10:00-23:00 Daily general wavell singapore but followed his orders growth equity investing years! War until Italy 's declaration of war in June 1940 this injury affected his for! Look reveals where the real responsibility for the first military funeral by river that! Was granted the temporary rank of captain after the Peace of Vereeniging follow citation style rules, there be. 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