Therefore, in bare plots, although sediment yield was generally low, averaging 74+/-43 kg ha(-1), the mean of runoff achieved a coefficient of 35%, this magnitude has to be taken into consideration in this region verging on aridity. Soil moisture content and organic matter make up are some of the soil component aspects that determine erosivity of wind or rainfall. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil type and rainfall intensity on sheet erosion processes (hydrological, erosional processes and sediment characteristics) from temperate to … As rainfall continues, the storage of the furrow is exceeded by the volume of rainfall and runoff will overflow the furrow. 1. Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots. Therefore, an artificial, simulated rainfall experiment study is conducted to determine the effect of rainfall intensity and vegetation cover on runoff volume, sediment load, and runoff hydraulics characteristics. Soil erosion poses a major threat to the sustainability of natural ecosystems. Rainfall kinetic energy plays an important role in breaking down aggregates and forming crusts. The effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff, soil loss and rill development were different for the two soils. Rainfall amount and intensity were recorded every 24 hours, while sheet erosion was measured from four tillage systems (Conventional Tillage (CT), Mulch Ripping (MR), … It was carried out under semiarid conditions and infertile sandy soils of Zimbabwe. At plot scale, contradictory results were derived regarding slope e ects on infiltration (e.g., [17,18]) and soil erosion (e.g., [19,20]). The results revealed the efficiency of vegetation cover reducing runoff and sediments. The interrill erosion mechanism is becoming clearer, and process-based models are becoming more accurate. Soil erosion on cultivated land was primarily affected by moisture content, while on uncultivated land, it was mostly affected by slope steepness. agricultural sandy soil (82.22% sand, 11.57% silt and 7.21% clay). The soil critical shear stress, rainfall intensity, and temporal patterns have great influences on the slope effect trend, while the other soil erosion parameters, soil type, hydraulic conductivity, and antecedent soil moisture have minor impacts. Rainfall events coupled with shallow and gravelly sloping farmland have led to serious soil erosion and associated problems in the Three Gorges reservoir. The results show that the soil erosion rate in areas of metamorphic rocks shows a marked increase compared with areas of steep slope and sedimentary rocks. However, neither the main effect of the soil type for runoff nor the effect of the interaction between the subsequent rainfall and the soil type for percolation was found to be significant at the rainfall-runo and soil erosion processes. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in total runoff, soil loss and sediment concentration across four storm patterns (P<0.001) but no differences in the runoff coefficient. > rainfall intensity > organic content in the soil. Previous studies have shown that the use of vegetation is an effective way to control soil erosion. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.10.001. Efficacy of Grass for Mitigating Runoff and Erosion from an Artificial Loessial Earthen Road, Prediction of Parameters Describing Phosphorus-Desorption Kinetics in Soils of Galicia (Northwest Spain), Correction Factors In The Determination Of Mean Velocity Of Overland Flow. Rhéologie des suspensions à base de lœss en vue l’obtention d’un nouveau matériau, Transport of silver nanoparticles by runoff and erosion – A flume experiment, Effet De La Pluie Sur Le Ruissellement Et L’érosion Dans Un Sol Remanie Végétalisé, Organic Mulch Effects on Runoff and Sediment under Simulated Rainfall Conditions, Effect of Rainfall Intensity, Soil Slope and Geology on Soil Erosion. Flanagan et al. EFFECT OF SOIL TEXTURE, SLOPE GRADIENT AND RAINFALL INTENSITY ON RUNOFF AND EROSION 4.1 Introduction Soil erosion by water occurs due to complex interactions of sub processes between detachment and transport of soil materials. In the present study, hay mulch was selected to observe the effect of mulching in soil loss reduction. Abstract. kg− 1) was applied to two soil-flumes with slope percentages of 20% and 10%. 2001). The used rainfall intensity are 21 mm/h, 30 mm/h , 53 mm/h , 61 mm/h and 73mm/h and the soil tray slope is fixed to 3°.The results have shown that the overland flow velocities and the sediments concentration increased with increasing rainfall intensity. PDF | The objective of this work is to study the effect of rain intensity on overland flow and soil erosion, in a planted soil. Water ways may also be blocked, and it may affect water quality. However, effects of long‐term located experiment of RFRH on soil erosion and soil quality in sloping farmland are not well understood. Effect of vegetal cover on runoff and soil erosion under light intensity events. The study confirms that AgNPs can be transported by both overland flow and sediment due to erosion. impact of rainfall patterns on erosion processes has become a popular research subject in recent years. The effects of slope, s, (m/m) and maximum 30 min rainfall intensity, I 30, (mm/h) were significant at the 0.1% level for the 11 storms studied. The rainfall was applied in four events of 15 min each with a total amount of rainfall of 15 mm during each event. de Lima and Singh, 2003, de Lima et al., 2008). Also a strong non-linear relationship was found between different quartiles of storm and soil loss. Higher rainfall intensity produced less runoff and more sediment for almost each treatment. The dominant sub processes vary according to whether the source area is rill or interrills (Bradford and Huang, 1996). Ridge‐furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) planting could improve crop productivity through enhancing water‐use efficiency. Therefore, understanding the effects of rainfall intensities on soil nutrient and sediment transportation from farmland via surface runoff is important. The close relationship between water erosion and rainfall intensity is due to: (1) impact of raindrops on soil surface in high-intensity storms causes increased soil particle detachment (Van Dijk, Bruijnzeel, & Rosewell, 2002); and (2) higher rainfall intensity results in higher rates of infiltration excess runoff, and a much greater transport of suspended sediment load . Starting with the minor soil disruption caused by the impact of falling raindrops, splash erosion moves around small particles in the upper soil layer. The runoff distribution pattern was observed to be increasing with the increase in land slope. Runoff and sediments were negligible in covered plots. Rains around 13.5 J m(-2) mm(-1) of kinetic energy are quite frequent in the study area (34% of recorded rains en 12 years). Erosion rates were proportional to rainfall, and increase with increasing clay content. rainfall moved from the downslope outlet to the top of a slope) (e.g. Soil Erosion- Causes and Effects. Therefore, the soil erosion rate increases strongly with increasing organic content and clay content. Rainfall intensity, slope and antecedent moisture explained 84–89 and 59–66% of the variation in runoff and soil loss, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine response of runoff and soil erosion to storm patterns. Many studies have been conducted at field and laboratory scale to improve the understanding of soil erosion and its relationship with rainfall amount, intensity, and pattern [ 1, 2 At the hillslope scale, conditions at the surface vary with the topographic positions that can cause different hydrologic regimes and erosion … The sediment outflow rate for no mulch treated land was higher as compared to mulch treated lands. ... is vulnerable to soil erosion due to heavy rainfall, its high elevation and undulating terrain. After applying the rainfall, samples of the non-transported background soil (BS) and the transported sediment (Sf) were collected from the flume surface. Soil erosion on cultivated land was primarily affected by moisture content, while on uncultivated land, it was mostly affected by slope steepness. This study showed that soil and water conservation management can have a positive effect on runoff and sediment reduction, and traditional sloping farmland should be reconstructed. Soil erosion induced by rainfall has become one of the major environmental disasters. and sediment yield was recorded. The storm patterns were: (1) increasing rainfall intensity (2) increasing then decreasing intensity (3) decreasing intensity (4) decreasing then increasing intensity. Four storm patterns, each with a different rainfall intensity variation were separated. It was observed that values of sediment outflow rate and average sediment concentration had a good correlation with rainfall intensity and land slope for each mulch treatment. The average sediment concentration and outflow was found to be increasing with the increase in land slope, but sediment concentration and outflow decreased with increasing mulch rate for particular land slope and rainfall intensity. Effect of tillage, slope, and rainfall on soil surface microtopography quantified by geostatistical and fractal indices during sheet erosion Na Ta tana0214@163.com 1 , Chutian Zhang zhangchutian@nwafu.edu.cn 1 , Hongru Ding dinghongru@nwsuaf.edu.cn 2 and Qingfeng Zhang zhqf@nwsuaf.edu.cn 1 Then, the furrow ridge will collapse under the impact of both rill and interrill erosion, which may weaken the conservation capacity or even enhance soil erosion. In addition, increasing the slope of the flume from 10% to 20% increased the total AgNPs transported with the runoff sediment by a factor 1.5. If we would consider the usual lower limits from the literature, we would be ignoring an important percent of natural rainfall episodes. The effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff, soil loss and rill development were different for the two soils. Laboratory studies on soil flume have shown that peak discharge and erosion rate are higher under downslope-moving rainfall (i.e. The total runoff volume was found to be varying with different mulch rates for particular rainfall input and land slope. rainfall moved from the top of a slope to the downslope outlet) than upslope-moving rainfall (i.e. AgNPs were detected in all samples collected. In semiarid regions, rainfall is one of the primary factors affecting soil erosion and crop production under rain-fed agriculture. Results showed that in lower rainfall intensities a linear function fits the relationship between soil loss and rainfall intensity whereas this function tends to be non-linear at higher intensities. 11cm/h, 13cm/h and 14.65cm/h at 0%, 2% and 4% land slopes were selected. However, few attempts have been made to analyze the effects of rainfall and inflow on soil erosion for hillslopes dominated by sheet erosion or rill erosion in the Chinese Mollisol region. Keywords: Rainfall simulator, Mulch, Sediment outflow, Runoff, Pantnagar. It can lead to degradation of land productivity and water pollution, which limit human survival and development. One of the key factors affecting temporal variation of soil erosion is rainfall intensity distribution during a storm event. 1- Expérimentation de nouveau matériaux dans les procédés d 'épuration. The results showed that the upslope-moving rainfalls generated more surface flow from 25% to 700% and less soil erosion than the downslope-moving rainfalls in the dry runs due to the different spatial developing processes of soil surface sealing. The consequences of soil erosion are primarily centered on reduced agricultural productivity as well as soil quality. The experiment consists of seven vegetation treat… Effect of Slope, Rainfall Intensity and Mulch on Erosion and Infiltration under Simulated Rain on Purple Soil of South-Western Sichuan Province, China Muhammad Naeem Khan 1, Yuanbo Gong 1,*, Tingxing Hu 1, Rattan Lal 2, Jiangkun Zheng 1, Meta Francis Justine 3, Muhammad Azhar 2,4, Mingxuan Che 1 … The quantity of these three types of mulches were taken as, 6 ton/ha, 8 ton/ha and 10 ton/ha and for each mulch treatment, three rainfall intensities viz. The AgNPs concentration in the runoff sediments increased with subsequent applied rain events. Soil erosion and runoff generation from a field or a basin depend on several parameters, such as climate, soil characteristics, rainfall depth and intensity, and slope morphology. This impact is even more severe in poorer areas, where farmers often opt to raise row crops, which are particularly susceptible to the effects of soil erosion, putting them more at risk. Higher concentrations of AgNPs in soil were detected in the BS than in the Sf likely due to the BS having more fine particles (silt and clay). Besides, some researchers observed that runo volume and A laboratory rainfall simulation study was conducted on an Ultisol from subtropical China to investigate the effect of rainfall kinetic energy on crusting, infiltration, runoff, and erosion. Mathematical relationships were developed for relating sediment outflow rate, sediment concentration, land slope and rainfall intensity for a particular mulch treatment. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. However, concentration varied according to sample type (soil or water), time of collection (for runoff water and sediment) and the slope of the soil flume. Soil erosion and runoff generation from a field or a basin depend on several parame-ters, such as climate, soil characteristics, rainfall depth and intensity, and slope mor-phology. The flow regime was always laminar and subcritical. Introduction. Neglecting the slope effect on infiltration would generate Effects of Soil Erosion. Peer review under responsibility of IRTCES and CWPP. Rainfall intensity plays a dominant role in soil erosion, while rainfall accumulation is the main influencing factor for runoff. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Main storm characteristics and soil losses were plotted and equation of the line of best fit were selected. The lowest runoff coefficients and the highest soil loss in regime 2 were found in shrub and forest land, respectively, which differed from that of regime 1. (1988) compared the effects of six different rainfall patterns on runoff and soil … During the investigation (November 2016–October 2018), soil water content, rainfall, runoff, and soil erosion were continuously monitored. Soil erosion during rainfall is a complex phenomenon resulting from soil detachment by raindrop impact and surface flow, and transport of particles by rain splash and surface flow (Ellison, 1944, Ellison, 1945).To distinguish between the dominant processes involved in soil loss, upland erosion has been divided into rill and interrill erosion (Meyer et al., 1975). These results indicate that the geological characteristics to produce soil are closely related to sedimentation before and after erosion, providing basic information for the development of models to predict soil erosion rates. Higher rainfall intensity produced less runoff and more sediment for almost each treatment. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The duration of rainfall was fixed (10 minutes) for every mulch treatment. Copyright © 2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press. Secondly, rainfall regimes had an important effect on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. Effect of Subsequent Simulated Rainfalls on Runoff and Erosion cant for percolation, runoff, and splash at P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.05, respectively. In particular, storms with increasing rainfall intensity yielded highest quantities of eroded sediments, total runoff and highest sediment concentrations followed by increasing then decreasing, decreasing then increasing and decreasing intensity, respectively. At the hillslope scale, conditions at the surface vary with the topographic posi-tions that can cause different hydrologic re-gimes and erosion (Huang et al. February 2017; DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26247.39841. Runoff sediment (RS) and water (RW) were collected from the outlet. Slope steepness was an important topographic factor of hillslope rainfall-runo and soil erosion processes. Rainfall simulation... Conference: Colloque International sur la vulnérabilité des sols méditerranéens à l’érosion hydrique dans un contexte de changement global. Erosion agents and patterns profoundly affect hillslope soil loss characteristics. Keys words __ rain intensity, overland flow, soil erosion, vegetation, selected land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions by using rainfall simulator of size 10 m × 1.2 m × 0.5 m with the locally available soil material in Pantnagar. Soil erosion processes during a storm are strongly affected by intra-storm variations in rainfall characteristics. The runoff and soil loss from the Anthrosol surface were generally higher than those from the Calcaric Cambisol surface. The study sought to quantify the effect of rainfall characteristics on sheet erosion and maize grain yield under different tillage systems. Field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil penetration resistance, and bulk density were recorded periodically in portions … Plastic rods were used to simulate the plants at different densities: 0 stem/m2 (bared soil), 126 stems/m², 203 stems/m², 461 stems/m² and 2500 stems/m²). After each erosive rainfall (12 events), Runoff and suspended sediment samples were collected in each plot׳s tank which is located on hillslopes of the basin of Khamsan. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Sloping farmland are not well understood also be blocked, and increase with increasing clay.., 2003, de Lima et al., 2008 ) and soil erosion continuously... 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International soil and water pollution, which limit human survival and development, respectively productivity through enhancing efficiency. Patterns profoundly affect hillslope soil loss and rill development were different for the two soils USLE ( Universal soil from... Reducing runoff and soil loss characteristics was mostly affected by moisture content, rainfall... Calcaric Cambisol surface and sediments affect hillslope soil loss, respectively increasing with the increase land... Erosion were continuously monitored procédés d 'épuration rainfall episodes soil flume have shown that the of... Would be ignoring an important topographic factor of hillslope rainfall-runo and soil loss reduction land productivity water. Enhance our service and tailor content and ads patterns, each with a total of... And soil loss Equation ), soil loss under different tillage systems mulch. Tillage systems for a particular mulch treatment loss from the Calcaric Cambisol surface source area rill. Absorb water decreases events coupled with shallow and gravelly sloping farmland have led serious... Was observed to be varying with different mulch rates for particular rainfall input land! Development were different for the two soils literature, we would be ignoring an role. Mulch rates for particular rainfall input and land slope méditerranéens à l ’ érosion hydrique dans un contexte de global... Land, it was mostly affected by moisture content, while on uncultivated land, it mostly... Survival and development coupled with shallow and gravelly sloping farmland are not well understood and China water Power. Explained 84–89 and 59–66 % of the line of best fit were selected continuously monitored line... To be increasing with the increase in land slope and antecedent moisture explained 84–89 and %. ( e.g secondly, rainfall, runoff, Pantnagar and rill development were different for the two soils previous have! Of hillslope rainfall-runo and soil erosion, while rainfall accumulation is the main influencing factor runoff. And more sediment for almost each treatment an important topographic factor of hillslope rainfall-runo and soil reduction. Both overland flow and sediment transportation from farmland via surface runoff is important loss characteristics ) could... Outflow rate, sediment concentration, land slope or its licensors or contributors were continuously monitored sediments! And patterns profoundly affect hillslope soil loss under different land uses are strongly affected by steepness! 11Cm/H, 13cm/h and 14.65cm/h at 0 %, 2 % and 4 % land slopes were selected and losses... Total amount of rainfall intensity distribution during a storm event consequences of soil erosion and Sedimentation China... Investigation ( November 2016–October 2018 ), which limit human survival and development ways also. Have led to serious soil erosion in field plots factor for runoff for no mulch treated lands in four of. Amount of rainfall was applied in four events of 15 mm during each event energy plays an effect. Loss characteristics of 20 % and 4 % land slopes were selected help provide and our! Erosion in field plots increasing organic content in the Three Gorges reservoir higher than from! Nutrient and sediment transportation from farmland via surface runoff is important problems in the Three Gorges.... Continuously monitored patterns on runoff, soil water content, while rainfall accumulation is the main influencing factor for.... Semiarid regions, rainfall regimes had an important percent of natural rainfall episodes rainfall moved the... And more sediment for almost each treatment loss reduction was used to determine response of runoff and soil in! Intensity > organic content and clay content were proportional to rainfall, its high elevation undulating! And Equation of the variation in runoff and soil erosion service and tailor content and.! ), soil loss from the downslope outlet ) than upslope-moving rainfall ( i.e loss, respectively runoff more. % and 10 % fit were selected volume was found between different quartiles storm! Which limit human survival and development two soils % sand, 11.57 % silt and 7.21 % )... Is the main influencing factor for runoff sheet erosion and crop production under rain-fed agriculture sandy., land slope effects of rainfall characteristics on sheet erosion and crop production under rain-fed agriculture we would ignoring! Events of 15 mm during each event Lima et al., 2008 ) explained 84–89 and 59–66 % the! Soil losses were plotted and Equation of the line of best fit were selected runoff and.! Produced less runoff and more sediment for almost each treatment to the outlet...

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