He later attended the Cavalry Officers' Candidate School at Trandum, followed by enrollment at the Norwegian Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1959. Harald) is said to have won the favour of the emperor. [149], The alternative history book Crusader Gold (2007) by marine archeologist David Gibbins features Harald as a key figure, as it follows him in acquiring the lost Menorah among his treasures during his service in the Byzantine Varangian Guard. [97], Harald's reign was marked by his background as a military commander, as he often solved disputes with harsh force. According to Lee M. Hollander, composing poetry was normal for Norwegian kings, but Harald was the only one who "showed a decided talent. They brought only light armour, as they expected to just meet the citizens of York, as they had agreed the day before, at Stamford Bridge to decide on who should manage the town under Harald. [5] This epithet predominates in the later Icelandic saga-tradition.[6]. Harald V is the king of Norway, having ascended the throne upon the death of his father, King Olav V, on 17 January 1991. Harthacnut himself preferred his brother, Edward the Confessor, who became king with the backing of Earl Godwin, father of Harold Godwinson. The shocking news that the king had died came late in the evening of January 17, 1991. Although the sagas place this after his expedition to Sicily, historian Kelly DeVries has questioned that chronology. Harald V (born February 21, 1937) is the King of Norway.Harald was the third child and only son of King Olav V and Princess Märtha of Sweden. [133], Harald himself composed skaldic poetry. [114] Tostig had only 12 ships, his connections being far more significant. He likely spent at least part of his time in the town of Staraya Ladoga (Aldeigjuborg), arriving there in the first half of 1031. In the subsequent winter of 1065, Harald travelled through his realm and accused the farmers of withholding taxes from him. Although Harald was victorious in most of the engagements, he was never successful in occupying Denmark. Prince Harald returned to Norway with his family at the war's end in 1945. Notably, Harald also had to agree to share half of his wealth with Magnus, who at the time was effectively bankrupt and badly in need of funds. Harald was not provoked by the incident. Olaf sought to reclaim the Norwegian throne, which he had lost to the Danish king Cnut the Great two years prior. [142] It is nonetheless possible that such a marriage could take place in Norway in the 11th century, and although Harald had two wives, only Elisiv is noted to have held the title of Queen. Reportedly even considering to give him the title of Earl, Haakon was greatly upset when Harald later backed down from his promise. He was second in the line of succession at the time of his birth, behind his father. [73] On hearing the news of Magnus's death, Harald quickly gathered the local leaders in Norway and declared himself king of Norway as well as of Denmark. [127] Among those left at Riccall after the battle, who were allowed to return home peacefully by the English forces, was Harald's son Olaf. Just before the country closed down on March 12, the royal couple returned home from Jordan. He was second in the line of succession at the time of his birth, behind his father. From the time of Harald Fairhair until the present day, Norway has had more than 60 named sovereigns. [127], Harold Godwinson's victory was short-lived, as only a few weeks later he was defeated by William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. [14][16] Harald Hardrada's alleged descent from Harald Fairhair is not mentioned and played no part during Harald Hardrada's own time, which seems odd considering that it would have provided significant legitimacy in connection with his claim to the Norwegian throne. On hearing news of Olaf's planned return, Harald gathered 600 men from the Uplands to meet Olaf and his men upon their arrival in the east of Norway. Who, having searched thoroughly the length of the northern ocean in ships, finally had before his eyes the dark failing boundaries of the savage world, and, by retracing his steps, with difficulty barely escaped the deep abyss in safety. During his service in the Byzantine Empire, Harald composed a love poem which included the verse "Yet the goddess in Gardarike / will not accept my gold rings"[59] (whom Snorri Sturluson identifies with Elisiv), although Morkinskinna claims that Harald had to remind Yaroslav of the promised marriage when he returned to Kiev. [14], Following a revolt in 1028, Harald's brother Olaf was forced into exile until he returned to Norway in early 1030. Although the remaining descendants of Haakon Sigurdsson considered rebellion against the king, Harald eventually managed to negotiate peace with them, and secured the family's submission for the remainder of his reign. [146], Two monuments have been erected in honour of Harald in Oslo, the city which he is traditionally held to have founded. [137], With regards to religion, Harald had, according to DeVries, a "religious inclination towards Christianity" and was "publicly close to the Christian Church", although he was influenced by the Eastern Christian culture of Kyivan Rus' (Garderike) and the Byzantine Empire, having spent most of his life there. He thereafter spent some time in the army of Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise, eventually obtaining rank as a captain, until he moved on to Constantinople with his companions around 1034. During Haakon VII's reign, his wife Queen Maud of Wales died in 1938 and his son Olav V was then crown prince when his wife Princess … [112] En route, he stopped at the Norwegian-held islands of Shetland and Orkney, where he collected additional troops, including Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson, the Earls of Orkney. [50] The sources also disagree on how Harald got out of prison, but he may have been helped by someone outside to escape in the midst of the revolt that had begun against the new emperor. His paternal grandparents were King Haakon VII and Queen Maud of… The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. Furthermore, this may in turn have presented Harald with opportunities to fight against bandits who preyed on Christian pilgrims. In 1960, he also made his first official journey abroad, visiting the United States in connection with the fiftieth anniversary of the American Scandinavian Foundation. King Harald of Norway was killed. For other people with similar names, see, Coin of Harald as the sole Norwegian king, "ARALD[us] REX NAR[vegiae]". [111] Before leaving Norway, he had Magnus proclaimed king of Norway, and left Tora behind, taking with him Elisiv, his daughters, and Olaf. In 1955 he graduated from Oslo katedralskole and in the autumn of that year, Harald began studies at the University of Oslo. [64] After the death of Harthacnut, which had left the Danish throne vacant, Magnus had in addition been selected to be the king of Denmark, and managed to defeat the Danish royal pretender Sweyn Estridsson. King Harald's decision to accept two more commoners into the royal family, Crown Princess Mette-Marit and Ari Behn, has been interpreted as a sign of modernization and adjustment. 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[75], Harald also wanted to re-establish Magnus's rule over Denmark,[14] and in the long term probably sought to restore Cnut the Great's "North Sea Empire" in its entirety. [38] After the defeat, Harald and the Varangian Guard were called back to Constantinople, following Maniakes' imprisonment by the emperor and the onset of other more pressing issues. [11][12] Under King Harald and Queen Sonja's leadership, comprehensive renovation projects on the Bygdøy Royal Estate, the Royal Palace, the royal stables and Oscarshall have also taken place. While the Constitution vests the King with executive power, he is not politically responsible for exercising it. This stated if either died, the other would inherit their lands; however, it was unlikely Magnus assumed he would gain the English throne without fighting. [54] It is likely that the money Harald made while serving in Constantinople allowed him to fund his claim for the crown of Norway. He became the first Norwegian-born monarch since Magnus VII abdicated in 1343, a gap of 648 years. Harald may actually have known this, and it could have been the reason why Harald wanted to return to Norway in the first place. A slightly different form of Christianity was thus introduced in Norway from the rest of northern Europe, although the East–West Schism had not yet taken place. [70] In any case, the people were unwilling to turn against Magnus, and on hearing news of Harald's schemes, Magnus (abroad at the time) went home to Norway with his entire army. The Crown Prince carried the Norwegian flag at the opening parade of the 1964 Summer Olympics. William of Malmesbury states that Harald was arrested for defiling a noble woman, while according to Saxo Grammaticus he was imprisoned for murder. Since the start of the twenty-first century King Harald has been unable to perform his duties as sovereign due to ill health on a few occasions: from December 2003 to mid-April 2004 due to urinary bladder cancer, from April to early June 2005 due to aortic stenosis, and in 2020 he was in hospital for cardiac surgery (replacement of a heart valve). On Sunday 17 January 2021, it was 30 years since the start of the reign of Their Majesties King Harald and Queen Sonja of Norway following the death of His Majesty King Olav V. Harald's contribution to the strengthening of Norway's monarchy was the enforcement of a policy that only the king could retain a hird, thus centralising power away from local warlords. [44] He is also an honorary fellow at Balliol College, Oxford. Later that year in Jylland, less than a year into their co-rule, Magnus died without an heir. In addition, he unsuccessfully claimed both the Danish throne until 1064 and the English throne in 1066. On 17 January 1991, King Olav V passed away at the Royal Villa in Holmenkollen. [29] He is also an honorary Colonel in the British Royal Marines. However, influential Swedish politicians, including Minister of Justice Westman, wanted the Crown Princess and Prince Harald to be sent back to Norway so he could be proclaimed King by the Germans. Harald, who is 83, was taken to the National Hospital in … [3] However, when the King and Crown Prince inquired of Swedish foreign minister Christian Günther whether they could sleep one night in Sweden without being interned, they were denied. Even after Haakon's death, his offspring held a certain degree of sovereignty in the north, and by Harald's early reign the family was headed by Einar Thambarskelfir, who was married to Haakon's daughter. [6] He was a keen rower during his student days at Oxford and was taught to row by fellow student and friend Nick Bevan, later a leading British school rowing coach. [117] They then entered Cleveland,[118] and started plundering the coast. If correct, this would also have allowed Tostig to increase both their chances by simultaneously supporting an invasion by William,[108] who also claimed the throne. He returned to Norway in 1945, and subsequently studied for periods at the University of Oslo, the Norwegian Military Academy and Balliol College, Oxford. The constitutional amendment of 21 May 2012 made the King no longer the formal head, but he is still required to be of the Evangelical Lutheran religion. Harald's rule as king of Norway following the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s. The five other kings who have borne the name are Harald Fairhair, Harald Greycloak, Harald Bluetooth, Harald Hardrada, and Harald Gille. King Harald is closely related to other European monarchs. Details are limited, but it is suggested Tostig sent fellow exile, Copsig, to meet with Harald in Norway and agree plans, while he remained in France. Another account does not describe the escape so dramatically. Domestically, Harald crushed all local and regional opposition, and outlined the territorial unification of Norway under a national governance. [100], Harald married Elisiv of Kiev (c. 1025 – after 1066) around 1044/45,[138] and they had an unknown number, possibly several children. One of the greatest of the 9th-century Scandinavian warrior chiefs, he gained effective control of Norway’s western coastal districts but probably had only nominal authority in the other parts of Norway. A year after the Battle of Stiklestad, Harald arrived in Kievan Rus' (referred to in the sagas as Garðaríki or Svíþjóð hin mikla). This is in accordance not only with provisions of the Constitution, but with conventions established since the definitive establishment of parliamentary rule in Norway in 1884. [53] When he arrived in Sweden, according to the skald Tjodolv Arnorsson, his ship was unbalanced by its heavy load of gold. [6] The Doris Kearns Goodwin book No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt and the Home Front in World War II contains a picture of the King (then Prince) playing with FDR's dog, Fala, on the North Lawn of the White House in 1944. [42][43][44] The book says that the Byzantine emperor first appointed him manglabites (possibly identified with the title protospatharios), a soldier of the imperial guard, after the Sicilian campaign. [92] Although the relationship between Harald and Einar was poor from the start, confrontation did not occur before Harald went north to his court in Nidaros. Not long after Harald had renounced his claim to Denmark, the former Earl of Northumbria, Tostig Godwinson, brother of the newly chosen (but reigning not for long) English king Harold Godwinson (also known as Harold of Wessex), pledged his allegiance to Harald and invited him to claim the English throne. Harald Bluetooth is usually not given a number in the Norwegian list of kings, therefore Harald is 'only' numbered as Harald V. King Harald made the decision to use his grandfather's royal motto, "Alt for Norge". Harald is in the line of succession to the British throne, because of his descent from King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. The Queen and Prince Philip recently had the jab. In the autumn of 1945 he was enrolled in third grade of Smestad skole as the first member of the royal family to attend a public (state) school. [90][91], It was from his power-struggle with the Norwegian aristocracy that Harald got himself the reputation that gave him the nickname "Hardrada", or "the hard ruler". Plans by Magnus to invade England in 1045 were suspended, while he dealt with an uprising by Sweyn of Denmark. [70] Instead of going to war, Magnus's advisors recommended the young king not fight his uncle, and a compromise was reached in 1046 in which Harald would rule Norway (not Denmark) jointly with Magnus (although Magnus would have precedence). In Viking era Norway and Scandinavia, literacy was largely nonexistent, outside runic inscriptions. Skaldic poetry was a great tradition of t… He finally left the Byzantines in 1042, and arrived back in Kievan Rus' in order to prepare his campaign of reclaiming the Norwegian throne. A bronze relief on granite by Lars Utne depicting Harald on horseback was raised on the eponymously named square Harald Hardrådes plass in 1905. Kelly DeVries has suggested that Harald "may even have known of and sought out the legendary land called Vinland, which Viking sailors had discovered only a short time before", which Adam mentions earlier in the same passage to have been widely reported in Denmark and Norway. The revolt of Haakon and the farmers in the Uplands may have been the main reason why Harald finally had been willing to enter a peace agreement with Sweyn Estridsson. [105] In 1058, a fleet under Harald's son Magnus supported a large scale Welsh raid into England, although details are limited. The Royal Family. Even then, the king's veto power is suspensive, not absolute as is the case with British monarchs. The mark ° shows honours mentioned on his official website page about decorations. He also reportedly had big hands and feet, and could measure five ells in height. [15], The Icelandic sagas, in particular Snorri Sturluson in Heimskringla, claim that Sigurd, like Olaf's father, was a great-grandson of King Harald Fairhair in the male line. It was deemed safer for the family to split up. King Harold, basking in the glow of victory, marched his army south to meet the challenge of the other invader, William of Normandy. When he was a young man, he fell in love with a princess named Ellisif. It only came to these lands with Christianity, and that means that there are few written sources from the early periods, other than the sagas - written centuries later. Following the death of King Olav V on 17 January 1991, Sonja became Norway's first queen consort in 52 years. One of the notable events he remembers from that time is standing behind Franklin D. Roosevelt when he was sworn in for his fourth term on the South Portico of the White House in 1945. The couple had two children, Märtha Louise and Haakon. [107], Harold's brother Tostig Godwinson, formerly Earl of Northumbria, now appeared on the scene; hoping to regain his titles and lands, he reportedly approached both William and Sweyn Estridsson for their support. [40][45] Following the campaign against the Bulgarians, in which Harald again served with distinction, he received the rank while at Mosynopolis[46] of spatharokandidatos, identified by DeVries as a promotion to the possibly third highest Byzantine rank, but by Mikhail Bibikov as a lesser rank than protospatharios that was ordinarily awarded to foreign allies to the emperor. Harald V received an honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law from Oxford University in 2006 (as did his father, King Olav, in 1937, and his grandfather, King Haakon, in 1943). Their first military exploit consisted of raiding the Danish coast, in an effort to impress the natives by demonstrating that Magnus offered them no protection, and thus leading them to submit to Harald and Sweyn. The couple have two children, Princess Märtha Louise and Crown Prince Haakon, heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. Until 2012, the King of Norway was, according to the constitution, the formal head of the Church of Norway. [78] Hedeby as a civil town never recovered from Harald's destruction, and was left completely desolate when what remained was looted by Slavic tribes in 1066. Harald is considered to have instituted good economic policies, as he developed a Norwegian currency and a viable coin economy, which in turn allowed Norway to participate in international trade. The Crown Princess's death was a tremendous loss for him and his family as well as for Norway,[7] and he named his daughter Märtha to honour her memory. [14] While the sagas largely focus on Harald's war with Sweyn and the invasion of England, little is said about his domestic policies. The Danish king Harald Bluetooth had himself hailed as king of Norway after the Battle of Fitjar (c. 961). His godparents were: his paternal grandparents King Haakon VII and Queen Maud of Norway; his maternal grandparents Prince Carl and Princess Ingeborg of Sweden; King Leopold III of Belgium; Queen Mary and King George VI of the United Kingdom; and Crown Princess Ingrid of Denmark. 199 & 276–278 & 284 & 290, Harold Godwinson (also known as Harold of Wessex), Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, "Det store norske leksikon" (The Great Norwegian Encyclopedia), The Early Kings of Norway, the Issue of Agnatic Succession, and the Settlement of Iceland, "Civilization VI: Harald Hardrada Leads Norway", "Steam Community :: Crusader Kings II :: Achievements", Haraldr Sigurðarson’s arrival in Rus’ and his participation in the campaign against Poland in 1031, An Account of the Ancient History of the Norwegian Kings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harald_Hardrada&oldid=997814690, Articles with Norwegian-language sources (no), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Old Norse-language text, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 January 2021, at 10:37. However, in a number of independent sources associated with the British Isles, mostly earlier than the Icelandic sagas, Harald is given epithets deriving from Old Norse hárfagri (literally 'hair-beautiful'). King Harald has a history of health issues that sometimes require his son, Crown Prince Haakon, to assume the role of regent. [101], Once he had returned to Norway, Harald seems to have displayed an interest in exploring his own realm, as for instance the Morkinskinna recounts Harald's trip into the Uplands. There … The King has cooperated closely with Queen Sonja and the Crown Prince in making the royal household more open to the Norwegian public and the Norwegian media. [18] Harald was nonetheless remarked to have shown considerable military talent during the battle. The latter party reached Sweden on the night of 10 April, but although Crown Princess Märtha was Swedish-born, they encountered problems at the border station. [150] Harald also makes an appearance in Meadowland (2005) by Tom Holt. [14] In his youth, Harald displayed traits of a typical rebel with big ambitions, and admired Olaf as his role model. [25], After a few years in Kievan Rus', Harald and his force of around 500 men[11] moved on south to Constantinople (Miklagard), the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (later known as the Byzantine Empire), probably in 1033 or 1034,[26] where they joined the Varangian Guard. [22] Harald's brother Olaf Haraldsson had previously been in exile to Yaroslav following the revolt in 1028,[23] and Morkinskinna says that Yaroslav embraced Harald first and foremost because he was the brother of Olaf. Harald ruled as king of Denmark from c. 958 – c. 986. About a hundred years after his burial, his body was reinterred at the Helgeseter Priory, which was demolished in the 17th century. [26] King Harald was made Name of the Year by the newspaper VG in 2017. The emperor was in the end dragged out of his sanctuary, blinded and exiled to a monastery, and the sagas claim that it was Harald himself who blinded Michael V (or at least claimed to have done so). Harald's most famous epithet is Old Norse harðráði, which has been translated variously as 'hard in counsel', 'tyrannical',[3] ‘tyrant’, ‘hard-ruler’, ‘ruthless’, ‘savage in counsel’, ‘tough’, and ‘severe’. Harald married Sonja Haraldsen in 1968, their relationship having initially being controversial due to her status as a commoner. [102] H. H. Lamb has on the other hand proposed that the land he reached may have been either Spitsbergen or Novaya Zemlya. King Harald enjoys spending time in the wilderness, and is an active hunter and fisherman. [143] Harald and Tora had at least two children:[14][139], A year after his death at Stamford Bridge, Harald's body was moved to Norway and buried at the Mary Church in Nidaros (Trondheim). Starting in Romerike, his campaign continued into Hedmark, Hadeland and Ringerike. He is a Stranger Knight of the Garter, an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, and a Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain, as well as numerous other orders of chivalry. Although Zoe refused to allow this, Harald managed to escape into the Bosphorus with two ships and some loyal followers. [119] This would be the last time a Scandinavian army defeated English forces. When the parliamentary situation is unclear, the king relies on the advice of the President of Parliament and the sitting prime minister. When Norway shut down in March, King Harald was quarantined after a state visit to Jordan. While the Constitution nominally vests the King with the power to appoint the government, in practice the government must maintain the confidence of Parliament. [88] Having forced his way to the kingship, Harald would have to convince the aristocracy that he was the right person to rule Norway alone. News of the invasion soon reached the earls Morcar of Northumbria and Edwin of Mercia, and they fought against Harald's invading army two miles (3 km) south of York at the Battle of Fulford on 20 September. King Harald and Queen Sonja of Norway at Kalmarunion's 600th Anniversary. [17] The battle was part of an attempt to restore Olaf to the Norwegian throne, which had been captured by the Danish king Cnut the Great (Canute). [130], Harald is described by Snorri Sturluson to have been physically "larger than other men and stronger". Queen Sonja of Norway visited husband King Harald in hospital today after he was admitted with breathing difficulties. [3], Harald spent the following days in Sälen before moving to Prince Carl Bernadotte's home in Frötuna on 16 April. [24] Harald took part in Yaroslav's campaign against the Poles in 1031, and possibly also fought against other 1030s Kievan enemies and rivals such as the Chudes in Estonia, the Byzantines, as well as the Pechenegs and other steppe nomad people. He initiated trade with Kievan Rus' and the Byzantine Empire through his connections, as well as with Scotland and Ireland. 98 ] according to Snorri Sturluson, Harald and Tostig, and led York to surrender to their on... The Neva River, and formally opens Parliament every October delivering a speech the! 24 ] he is patron of the parliamentary bloc with the backing of Earl, Haakon was additionally the. This action led to other European monarchs small villages, and had people maimed and killed as result! Every Friday offers a Steam achievement for successfully conquering England as Harald had participated in eighteen greater battles during eleven-year. Enough, Harald managed to escape into the Gulf of Finland and sitting. 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