As more is understood about the comparative genome, anatomy, and physiology of zebrafish to that of humans, the relevance and utility of this vertebrate model will only grow and provide a powerful complement to the murine system. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater teleost of the family Cyprinidae that is established as a model organism in many research fields. Genetics of Zebrafish 5. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a relevant vertebrate model for biomedical research and translational studies because of its broad genetic conservation with humans. The ease of care, year‐round prolific breeding, and transparent, external development have made these fish a popular model vertebrate for many fields of biology. A model organism is one of a few species that have been chosen for extensive study by large communities of biologists. However, this model system remains underexploited. Adult zebrafish are small in size, they grow quickly, and they breed readily. The use o f zebrafish as a model organism got impetus from the 1990s when . Zebrafish, or Danio rerio, are a model organism as they have a number of key traits that make them useful to study: Transparent embryos that allow us to easily track stages of development. Danio rerio (Zebrafish) Powerful Tools to Study Biology. While mice have a distinct advantage being mammals, zebrafish possess a number of beneficial traits. History 4. Simmons, Hannah. But how do zebrafish compare to other popular organism models? These are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Zebrafish as a Model Organism. Scientists study model organisms to understand how human diseases work. The zebrafish Danio rerio has become an important vertebrate model organism for a wide range of scientific research questions including development, genetics, and disease . It came into awareness in the scientific community, at least for geneticists, roughly around 1981 when the late George Streisinger, looking for a new genetic organism to study, picked up a couple of zebrafish at the local pet store and started to do a few experiments with them. Zebrafish As a Model Organism for Developmental Disorders. Zebrafish, a freshwater tropical fish, is a premiere model organism to study vertebrate development. Table 1 lists all models according to cancer type and organ affected. Fast external development and transparency during embryogenesis allow for visual screening at the macroscopical and microscopical level, including visualization of organogenesis. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: APA. Taxonomy 3. High Volume of Background Information. … High fecundity and short generation times facilitate genetic analyses. This provides insight into the genetic control of developmental processes in humans because their genomes are similar. Each model organism has its own advantages and disadvantages for use in studying disease, for this reason usually a wide variety of organisms are used as some model organisms are better suited for a particular research technique than others. Have a look at the advantages and disadvantages of the zebrafish as a model for TB, which is depicted in Table 1a and Table 1b respectively. Conclusion: Zebrafish is a positive and versatile model the vertebrate organism, bestowing a means to model a gene function, drug discovery, toxicology, cancer studies, development of various organ system, human diseases and disorders, etc. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family of the order Cypriniformes.Native to South Asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio (and thus often called a "tropical fish" although both tropical and subtropical).. (2019, February 26). Here, we define the characteristics that a fish species should have to serve as a model for finfish aquaculture research and argue that the zebrafish fulfils essentially most of them. Zebrafish genome contains numerous duplicate genes (Milan DJ et al, 2003) and this feature often hinders the generation of knockout strains, as approaches that disrupt one gene copy likely will not disrupt the second copy. The general suitability of zebrafish as a model organism, as well as its use in the genetic and neuroanatomical analysis of larval behaviour has been comprehensively described elsewhere [1, 2]. It is in the interest of every biological investigation to capture molecular dynamics within the context of a physiologically relevant environment. This page was last updated on Monday, November 3, 2014 - 12:23pm. The answer is quite simply that zebrafish are an excellent vertebrate model organism and here are some reasons why: Small size and speedy growth: The same traits that make zebrafish popular pets also make them good model organisms. Reverse genetics has not been worked out for zebrafish as it has in the mouse. an ecologist will look at different characteristics and criteria that a geneticist). Zebrafish as a model organism for studies of vertebrate embryogensis. Uses as a model organism 6. Zebrafish is a relatively new model organism, new kid on the block, if you will. Department of Zoology Roll number -15 ZOO 016 Utkal University, Vani Vihar Bhubaneswar- 751 004. Easy Experimentation: in genetics (my field), and ideal model organism is transformable, there are techniques to isolate nucleic acids, etc. For example Drosophila are best for genetic manipulation, whereas the Mouse is a more suitable model for mammalian disease studies. Areas covered: The authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the zebrafish xenograft model for the study of cancer, metastasis and drug discovery. Zebrafish are vertebrates often used for in vivo studies, because they are relatively small in size and the embryonic and larval development is ex utero and fast, since within 5 days post-fertilization (dpf), all major organ systems are formed (Kimmel et al., 1995). Several models of cancer have been generated in zebrafish. Fish are cheaper to maintain than mice, but more expensive than flies--another powerful model organism. Rajesh Pamanji, Zebrafish Model System in Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Model Organisms for Microbial … Advantages and Disadvantages of Zebrafish Compared to Other Model Organisms for the Study of the Neural Basis of Behavior What is a Model Organism in the Context of Systems Neuroscience? Zebrafish-embryo assays can also help to predict drug safety in human. No way of targeting mutations. The zebrafish is particularly well suited for this research due to its small size, rapid development, short generation time, optical transparency of embryos and larvae as well as functional conservation of genes [ 1 ]. Owing to space constraints, we will focus exclusively on heritable tumor models in the zebrafish. But, there are also purely scientific reasons why ‘lower’ organisms, such as zebrafish, Please contact … Future prospects 7. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an excellent model organism for CNV studies. 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